论清代州县衙门诉讼文书的多样性与复杂性——以“南部档案”中的“点名单”为例

Diversity and Complexity of the Yamens’ Litigations in Counties in Qing Dynasty:A Case of "Name List" in the Nanbu Archives in Sichuan

清代州县衙门档案中的诉讼文书是研究中国司法制度的重要文献。衙门审案时开列的点名单并非如法学界普遍认为的那样--为刑房独有,其文书结构主要由题名、受审人员名单、受审日期、承办差役四部分组成。在诉讼档案里,点名单的形式多样,内涵丰富,名称繁杂,多样性与复杂性的特征显著。它作为一种传唤工具或法律凭证,反映了清代州县司法的诸多环节,推动着案件发展的进程,具有重要的法律效力。

The litigation documents recorded in Yamens in counties are important for studying the Chinese judicial system in Qing Dynasty. The name list during the trial is not monopolized by the criminal court as the academia widely expect, and it is mainly composed of the title, the list of suspects, the errands and the date of trial. There are various kinds of name lists in diversity and complexity in the lawsuit files. As a subpoena tool or legal certificate, it shows many procedures of the judiciary in Qing Dynasty and promotes the process of the trial. Above all, it has im portant legal effects.