美国参与“冰上丝绸之路”建设:动力、制约与启示

US Participation in the “Polar Silk Road”: Motivation, Restriction and Enlightenment

美国在北极地区拥有广泛多元的国家利益,是影响"冰上丝绸之路"建设的关键沿线国家。"冰上丝绸之路"倡议以"尊重、合作、共赢和可持续"为核心原则,其关键在于加强区域间多层次合作与共赢,最终实现北极地区可持续发展的目标。这与特朗普政府加强北极资源开发、改善阿拉斯加州基础设施以及推动北极航道利用的利益诉求相契合,是美国参与"冰上丝绸之路"建设的动力条件。不过,在国内利益集团、美俄关系以及破冰船等问题上,美国参与"冰上丝绸之路"建设还面临诸多现实制约。在特朗普政府参与"冰上丝绸之路"建设存在诸多不确定因素的情况下,中国应当积极展示"冰上丝绸之路"建设的积极意义,以科技合作为突破口,将资源开发和基础设施建设作为合作重点,妥善应对尚存争议的开发领域,推动美国建设性参与"冰上丝绸之路"合作。

The United States has a wide range of diverse national interests in the Arctic region and is also a key country to affect the construction of the"Polar Silk Road".The"Polar Silk Road"initiative takes"respect,cooperation,win-win and sustainability"as its core principles,and aims at strengthening multi-level cooperation among regions and ultimately achieving the goal of sustainable development in the Arctic region.This is in line with Trump administration's efforts to facilitate Arctic resources development,improve Alaska's infrastructure,and promote the use of Arctic waterways,which is a driving force for it to participate in the cooperation of the project.However,the issues of domestic interest groups,US-Russia relations and icebreakers in the country can constrain it in practice.Under such circumstances,China should actively demonstrate the positive significance of the"Polar Silk Road"construction by using science and technology cooperation as a breakthrough,developing resources and infrastructure as a key point of cooperation,and properly coping with the controversial development areas.Only in this way,can we promote US to participate constructively in the"Polar Silk Road"initiative.