内镜超声对消化道黏膜下肿瘤内镜术前评估的价值和局限性

Value and limitation of endoscopic ultrasonography on the diagnosis of gastrointestinal submucosal tumor prior to endoscopic resection

目的探讨内镜超声检查术(EUS)对消化道黏膜下肿瘤(SMT)层次来源与性质的诊断能力及局限性。方法2016年1月至2018年12月,收治于上海交通大学医学院附属瑞金医院消化科,术前EUS诊断为消化道SMT,接受内镜下切除术治疗,术后病理资料完整的211例病例纳入回顾性研究,以手术病理为参照,分析术前EUS诊断SMT的准确率以及EUS对SMT的诊断局限性。结果病灶位于食管66例、胃108例、十二指肠2例、直肠35例。EUS对病变层次来源的诊断准确率达99.5%(210/211).就病变性质而言,160例EUS诊断准确(75.8%,160/211).就不同部位的病变而言,EUS对食管黏膜-黏膜下层来源、食管固有肌层来源、胃黏膜-黏膜下层来源、胃固有肌层来源、十二指肠黏膜下层来源、直肠黏膜.黏膜下层来源病变的诊断准确率分别为90.0%(54/60).83.3%(5/6).31.0%(13/42).89.4%(59/66)、50.0%(1/2).82.9%(29/35).对于EUS显示为低回声为主的病变,平滑肌瘤、平滑肌瘤/胃肠间质瘤、神经内分泌肿瘤分别是食管黏膜来源、消化道固有肌层来源和直肠黏膜-黏膜下层来源病变的较常见肿瘤类型。结论尽管EUS对消化道SMT的诊断具有不可替代的重要作用,但其对胃黏膜-黏膜下层来源的各类病变缺乏特异的鉴别手段。由于其中部分病变可能存在恶性潜能,因此在作出诊断时需要更加谨慎。

Objective To investigate the efficacy and limitation of endoscopic ultrasonography (EUS) on the diagnosis of gastrointestinal submucosal tumor ( SMT) prior to endoscopic resection. Methods Data of 211 patients, who were confirmed as gastrointestinal SMT before operation and received endoscopic resection for gastrointestinal submucosal tumor at Department of Gastroenterology, Shanghai Ruijin Hospital from January 2016 to December 2018 were analyzed. The value and limitation of EUS for SMT were investigated according to the final pathology. Results For the lesion distribution, 66 were in esophagus, 108 in stomach, 2 in duodenum and 35 in rectum. The accuracy of tumor origin by EUS was 99. 5%(210/211 ). The accuracy of tumor nature by EUS was 75.8%( 160/211 ). For the lesions originated from different locations, the diagnostic accuracy for lesion originated from esophageal mucosa/submucosa, esophageal muscularis propria, gastric mucosa/submucosa, gastric muscularis propria, duodenal submucosa, rectal mucosa/submucosa by EUS were 90. 0%( 54/60 ), 83. 3%( 5/6 ), 31. 0%( 13/42), 89. 4%(59/66), 50. 0%(1/2), 82. 9%( 29/35), respectively. With respect to hypoechoic lesions, leiomyoma, leiomyoma/gastrointestinal stromal tumor, and neuroendocrine tumor were the predominant type of tumororiginated from esophageal mucosa, gastrointestinal muscularis propria and rectal mucosa/submucosal, respectively. Conclusion Although EUS is indispensible for the diagnosis of gastrointestinal submucosal tumor, it plays a limited role in the differential diagnosis of various lesions originated from gastric mucosa and submucosa. Since part of the submucosal tumors may be potential for malignant development, an diagnosis made by EUS should be more careful.