美国辩诉交易制度视野下的中国刑事和解制度的再审视

Reexamining the Chinese Criminal Reconciliation System from the Perspective of American Plea Bargaining System

中国刑事和解制度(程序)自新《刑事诉讼法》生效以来遇冷,其特点、优点往往被相关制度(如附带民事诉讼、认罪认罚从宽制度等)取代。比照美国辩诉交易制度,从本质上看,美国刑事辩诉交易制度与中国刑事和解制度迥异,但作为美国司法实践创新的制度,其发展过程、基本框架的很多经验值得在修改、完善中国刑事和解制度时学习。美国辩诉交易制度不是立法的产物,而是检察官持续努力创新的产物,不是对普通诉讼程序中权力格局的彻底改变,而是在既有制度框架下权力间、权力与权利的边界范围在量上的微调。

The Chinese criminal reconciliation system ( procedure) is impracticable since The New Criminal Procedure Law came into effect.Its characteristics and advantages are often replaced by related systems (such as incidental civil action,confession and leniency system).Compared with the American plea bargaining system,the American criminal plea bargaining system is quite different from the Chinese criminal reconciliation system in essence.As an innovative system of judicial practice in the US,the lessons in its development process and basic framework are worth learning when we revise and perfect the Chinese criminal reconciliation system.The plea bargaining system in the United States is not the product of legislation,but the product of prosecutors who pay continuous efforts to innovate. It is not a complete change of the power structure in ordinary proceedings,but a slight quantitive adjustment in the scope of the boundary between powers and the scope of the boundary between powers and rights under the existing institutional framework.