应急管理与国民经济动员的军民融合式发展——以立法为视角

Civil-militany Integration Development of Modern Emergency Management and National Economic Mobilization:The Perspective of Legislation

我国国民经济动员已由传统应对战争的单一职能转变为“平时服务、急时应急、战时应战”的工作格局,与应急管理共同构成政府危机管理的两大体系。随着国家安全委员会、军委国防动员部、国务院应急管理部等顶层机构的设立以及军民融合深度发展战略的持续推进,动员和应急管理的组织领导、体制编制、职能任务也发生了变化。我国国民经济动员参与应急管理的权限、时机、方式等内容还不够明确,尤其是法制化建设比较落后,严重制约着国民经济动员在应对突发事件中效能的发挥。为确保现代应急管理与国民经济动员的军民融合式发展,其立法除坚持一般性立法原则外,还要遵循强制性原则、必要性原则、比例原则和被动性原则。此外,科学衔接预案和计划、实现资源共建共享、制定和完善国民经济动员法规是当前军民融合式发展的重点所在。

National economic mobilization of China has changed from the traditional single function of coping with the war to the working pattern of serving in peacetime, responding in time of emergency and war, which together with the emergency management system constitute the two major systems of government crisis management. As the establishment of the top institutions of National Security Commission of the Communist Party of China, National Defense Committee of the Chinese Communist Party Central Military Commission and Ministry of Emergency Management of China, in addition, the strategy of civil-military integration promoting continuously, mobilization and emergency management system' s organizational leadership and structure, function and task are changing, but the timing, limits of authority and content of national economy mobilization participation in emergency management are not clear, especially legal construction is relatively backward, restrict the efficiency of the national economy mobilization to deal with emergencies seriously. In order to ensure the civil-militany integrated development of modern emergency management and national economic mobilization, legislation should not only adhere to the principle of general legislation, but also follow the principles of compulsion, necessity, proportion and passivity. The key point of the current civil-militany integration development is to link up the plan scientifically , realize the co-construction and sharing of resources, and formulate and improve the national economic mobilization regulations.