元稹墓志铭所涉追封制度考

Study on the Reward System Concerning to Tuan Zhen’s Epitaph

唐代追封制度影响到了士人生活的方方面面。士人仕进以及士人母系亲属的官职封号,除了士人自身向朝廷的请求外,还与朝廷的集体封赠活动有关。白居易所撰《唐故武昌军节度处置等使正议大夫检校户部尚书鄂州刺史兼御史大夫赐紫金鱼袋赠尚书右仆射河南元公墓志铭》(以下简称《元稹志》)载元稹母郑氏封号为陈留郡太夫人,记元稹散官官职为正议大夫。可是这两则记载均只见于《元稹志》,不见其他来源。实际上,《元稹志》背后涉及到复杂的唐代追封制度,不管是郑氏陈留郡太夫人的封号还是元稹正议大夫的散官官职,都来源于朝廷集体庆赠活动。郑氏被追封为陈留郡太夫人得益于穆宗朝的集体庆赠活动,元稹则经由敬宗朝的集体庆赠活动而获得散官官职的升迁,由通议大夫晋升为正议大夫。

The reward system in the Tang Dynasty affected all aspects of the life towards scholars. The promotion of scholars and the official title rewarded by the government for their relatives,in addition to the request of the scholars themselves to the court,are also related to the collective awarding activities. The epitaph of Yuan Zhen which is written by Bai Juyi records the information of Yuan's mother Called Zheng who was awarded the honorary title for the Chen Liu Madam and Yuan Zhen was the official adviser named Zheng Yi Da Fu at that time. However,these messages was only noted in the epitaph without other sources. In fact,there involves the reward system in the Tang Dynasty behind the epitaph of Yuan Zhen. The title of Chen Liu Madam as well as the official position about Zheng Yi Da Fu is from the collective awarding activities. Zheng was rewarded for the title of Chen Liu Madam in Tang Mu Zong's period while Yuan Zhen got the promotion from Tong Yi Da Fu to Zheng Yi Da Fu in Tang Jing Zong's period because of the collective awarding activities.