近代历史观的变革与启蒙

On the Change of Modern View of History and Its Enlightenment

近代中国受"三千年未有之大变局"和"中国向何处去"两大问题的困扰。所谓"三千年未有之大变局"是指中国开始由农耕文明向工商业文明转轨。近代中国的这次变革是史无前例的,可谓天崩地解。值此动变之际,近代中国经历了由顺变到求变的过程,而转变轨迹表现为"道器不变""器变道不变""道器皆变"和"根本解决"的日益激进的过程。"中国向何处去"主要体现在历史观变革和启蒙两个方面。在历史观变革方面,经历了复古、治乱递嬗、循环、"三世"进化、改良进化、革命进化和唯物等历史观渐次演变的日趋激进过程;在启蒙方面,个体则发生了自我、仁心、心力、新民和庶民等的渐次变革,群体发生了族群、民族国家、大同社会和社会主义等的依次演化,政治则发生了君主专制、君主立宪、民主共和等的渐次改变。近代历史观的变革与启蒙于今仍然有值得反思与借鉴之处。

Modern China are beset by the two problems on "Great Changes unseen in 3000 Years" and "Where is China going?" The former refers to China began the unprecedented transition from farming civilization to industrial and commercial civilization. During the process it went from passive to active change of the Way and the instrument,increasingly radical. The latter was mainly embodied in two aspects: the change of historical outlook and the enlightenment. On the view of history,it experienced a series changes. Under the light of enlightenment,the view of individual experienced the change from ego,benevolence,mental strength,new citizen and common people while the view of group changed from ethnic groups,nation-state,pantisocracy to socialism,and political view from as autocratic monarchy,constitutional monarchy to democratic republic in politics. Currently,the transformation of the view of history and enlightenment still has some room for reflection and reference today.