dsDNA噬菌体裂解系统作用机制的研究进展

Progress in research on the lysis mechanism of dsDNA bacteriophage

噬菌体作抗生素替代物用于动物生产,已被逐步认可和积极评价。将噬菌体应用于抗菌,主要是应用其裂解作用。为更科学地研发和应用噬菌体,本文综述了应用较普遍的dsDNA噬菌体近年来相关裂解机制的研究。目前发现,绝大多数dsDNA噬菌体均采用"穿孔素-内溶素"裂解系统,其主要由穿孔素和内溶素组成,分别破坏细菌细胞膜和肽聚糖层,致使细菌被裂解;而对革兰阴性菌的裂解,还需膜融合蛋白的参与。此外,还存在一种"针穿孔素-SAR内溶素"裂解系统,其主要由针穿孔素、信号锚定释放内溶素和膜融合蛋白组成,作用机制与上述裂解系统存在明显差异。本文为开发和应用噬菌体及其裂解相关蛋白提供了理论基础。

It has been gradually accepted that bacteriophage as a potential antibiotic substitute is used in breeding industry. The biocontrol application of bacteriophages mainly lies in the lysis function of the phages. To further facilitate bacteriophage-based control of pathogens, the latest researches on the lysis mechanism of dsDNA bacteriophages are reviewed here. The researched results are that most of dsDNA bacteriophages function by their "holin-endolysin" system which is composed of holin and endolysin. These two proteins play the key role of destroying the bacterial cell membranes and peptidoglycan layers during lysis. With regard to lysis of Gram-negative bacteria, additional membrane fusion proteins are required. In addition, a "pinholin-SAR endolysin" system has been reported, which is composed of pinholin, signal-anchored and released endolysin, and membrane fusion proteins. It functions quite differently from the above lysis system. This review might offer theoretical reference for further developing bacteriophage-based and lysis-associated control of pathogens.