伦敦城市洪水风险管理的启示

Enlightenments of urban flood risk management in London

伦敦作为世界最大城市之一,面临多重防洪压力。随着时代的发展,伦敦城市的防洪理念也逐渐从传统的以防洪工程为主导的抵御和控制洪水向注重预防和灾后恢复的综合性洪水风险管理转变,取得了良好的效果。从伦敦城市的洪水类型和特点入手,介绍英国现行的洪水风险管理组织体系,同时从预防型措施、抵御型措施、缓解型措施、应对型措施以及恢复型措施五方面对伦敦的城市洪水风险管理措施进行总结和分析。其中重视城市规划、能够抵御千年一遇风暴潮的泰晤士河口防洪工程体系、生态排水与地下排水相结合的排水排涝体系,准确的防洪预警预报体系以及较为完善的洪水保险及救援救灾系统等方面都有许多可取之处,可以为我国的城市防洪提供借鉴。

As one of the largest cities in the world,London faces multiple flood pressures.With the development of the times,the concept of flood control in London has gradually shifted from the traditional flood control-oriented defense to the comprehensive flood risk management focused on flood prevention and recovery,which has achieved satisfactory effects.This study started from the types and characteristics of floods in London and then the current flood risk management organization system in the UK was acquainted.Risk management measures in London were analyzed and summarized from five aspects,including preventive measures,resilience measures,mitigation measures,preparatory measures and recovery measures.Among them,the city planning,the Thames estuary flood control project system which is capable of resisting the millennium storm surge,the underground drainage system with ecological drainage measures,the accurate flood warning and forecasting system,and the perfect flood insurance and rescue systems can provide reference for urban flood management in China.