中西医靶向PI3K/Akt信号通路治疗恶性黑色素瘤的研究进展

Treatment Progress of Malignant Melanoma through Targeting PI3K/Akt Signaling Pathway

恶性黑色素瘤是一种转移性强、死亡率高的侵袭性皮肤恶性肿瘤,发病率和死亡率逐渐增加并呈年轻化趋势。目前病因尚不完全明确,中晚期无有效治疗措施。传统治疗手段包括手术切除病灶、放疗、化疗等,疗效甚微且容易复发,患者耐受度低。目前治疗热点主要集中在分子靶向治疗及免疫药物治疗,与黑色素瘤发生发展密切相关的PI3K/Akt信号通路是靶向治疗研究的一个新方向,了解PI3K-Akt信号通路在恶性黑色素瘤治疗中所起的作用具有积极的临床意义。本文从恶性黑色素瘤的治疗现状、PI3K/Akt信号传导通路在恶性黑色素瘤中的异常活化、常用的PI3K/Akt靶向药物、中药靶向PI3K/Akt信号通路治疗恶性黑色素瘤的应用及治疗前景等几个方面阐述分析中西医靶向PI3K/Akt信号通路治疗恶性黑色素瘤的意义,为临床治疗恶性黑色素瘤提供新的理论依据。

Malignant melanoma is an invasive skin malignant tumor with strong metastasis and high mortality, the morbidity and mortality have been increasing sharply and the age of onset inclines to the young. Now the cause of the disease is not completely clear, and there is no effective treatment for middle and advanced stage. Traditional therapies, including lesionectomy, radiotherapy and chemotherapy, have poor efficacy, high recurrence and low patient’s tolerance. At present, the treatment hotspots are mainly focused on molecular targeted therapy and immunotherapy. Being closely related to the occurrence and development of melanoma, PI3K/Akt signaling pathway is a new promissing targeting. This study briefly summarized the current treatment status of malignant melanoma, the abnormal activation of PI3K/Akt signaling pathway in malignant melanoma, the commonly used PI3K/Akt targeted drugs, the TCM application of targeting PI3K/Akt signaling pathway in the treatment of malignant melanoma and therapeutic prospects. It provided a new theoretical basis for clinical treatment of malignant melanoma.