孕期营养体质量管理与预防巨大儿及足月低重儿的临床研究

Nutritional weight management during pregnancy and prevention of macrosomia and full-term low birth weight infants

目的研究孕期营养体质量管理与预防巨大儿及足月低重儿的临床研究应用效果。方法选择2016年4月至2018年3月在本院建立围产期保健手册且有着完整产检资料,产检次数≥5次的单胎生产孕妇作为本次的研究对象,经筛选后共纳入600例孕妇进行本次研究。对照组400例孕妇给予常规孕期检查管理对体质量进行控制,观察组200例孕妇在对照组孕妇的基础上给予针对性的孕期体质量管理。对两组孕妇孕期的体质量增加的幅度、巨大儿与生产低体质量儿的数量与比例、分娩方式、产后大出血事件发生率、产程阻滞、妊娠高血压与妊娠高血糖的发生率以及新生儿窒息的发生率进行记录分析与比较。结果两组孕妇孕前体质量指数比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。干预后,观察组孕妇的孕期体质量增加量明显低于对照组[(14.11±2.36)kg比(19.25±2.59)kg],两组比较差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。观察组孕妇顺产176例(88.0%)明显多于对照组的234例(58.5%),而观察组孕妇剖宫产21例(10.5%)明显少于对照组的156例(39.0%),两组比较差异均有统计学意义(均P<0.05)。观察组孕妇出现妊娠高血压、妊娠高血糖、产程阻滞以及产后大出血的例数明显低于对照组,差异均有统计学意义(均P<0.05)。观察组孕妇出现足月低体质量儿、巨大儿以及新生儿窒息的例数明显低于对照组,差异均有统计学意义(均P<0.05)。结论孕期营养体质量管理方式对孕期孕妇进行管理能够有效预防巨大儿及足月低重儿发病率,还能够有效降低产后并发症的发生率,临床综合治疗效果良好,值得在临床上推广运用。

Objective To study the clinical effect of nutritional weight management and prevention of macrosomia and full-term low birth weight infants during pregnancy. Methods From April, 2016 to March, 2018, 600 singleton women who had perinatal health care manuals and had taken ≥5 times of maternity examination at our hospital were selected as study objects, and were divided as a control group (n=400) and an observation group (n=200). The control group 4 were given routine pregnancy examination management to control their weight;and in addition, the observation group were given specific weight management. The weight gain during pregnancy, the number and proportion of macrosomia and low birth weight infants, the delivery mode, the incidences of postpartum hemorrhage, obstruction of labor, pregnancy-induced hypertension and hyperglycemia, neonatal asphyxia and gestational diabetes mellitus were recorded, analyzed, and compared between the two groups. Results There were no statistical difference in body mass index before pregnancy between the two groups (P > 0.05). After intervention, the weight gain of pregnant women in the observation group was significantly lower than that in the control group [(14.11±2.36) kg vs.(19.25±2.59) kg;P < 0.05]. More cases took spontaneous delivery in the observation group than in the control group (88.0% vs. 58.5%, P < 0.05), and fewer, cesarean section (10.5% vs. 39.0%, P < 0.05). The number of pregnant women with gestational hypertension, gestational hyperglycemia, obstruction of labor and postpartum hemorrhage in the observation group was significantly lower than that in the control group (P < 0.05). The number of full-term low birth weight infants, macrosomia and neonatal asphyxia in the observation group were significantly lower than that in the control group (P < 0.05). Conclusion Nutritional weight management during pregnancy can effectively prevent the incidence of macrosomia and full-term low birth weight infants and reduce postpartum complications, and has good clinical comprehensive treatment effect, so it is worthy of clinical application.