胆酸盐参与的自组装及微纳米材料制备

Effect of Bile Salts on Self-Assembly and Construction of Micro-/nanomaterials

胆酸盐类物质可看作是一类阴离子型甾族生物表面活性剂,鉴于其特殊的两亲性骨架结构、独特的物理化学性质及其良好的生物相容性和环境友好性,其在溶液中能够参与超分子自组装形成有序聚集结构,且可以作为模板在微纳材料制备领域有着重要应用。本文结合我们课题组的研究工作,综述了近期国内外相关研究,详细介绍了生物小分子氨基酸对胆酸盐聚集行为的影响、胆酸盐参与形成的超分子凝胶及胆酸盐参与构筑的微纳米材料制备等方面的研究进展,以期对胆酸盐参与的自组装及微纳米材料制备领域的研究有更全面更深入的了解,为后续的应用研究提供坚实的基础。

Bile acid salts, which are regarded as anionic steroid biosurfactants, have been widely used in the preparation of novel nanomaterials owing to their special amphiphilic skeleton structure, unique physical and chemical properties, good biocompatibility, and environmental friendliness. They can participate in the supramolecular self-assembly to form ordered aggregates in solution, and can be used as a template for the preparation of micro and nanomaterials. In this manuscript, we present an overview of our research work based on the effect of bile salts on the self-assembly of micro and nanomaterials along with related research done worldwide. The first section introduces the effect of small biological molecules such as amino acids, on the aggregation behavior of bile salts, wherein the interaction between amino acids and cholate has been studied extensively. Many in vivo and in vitro studies have been carried out mainly focusing on solutions and interfaces. Second part of this manuscript summarizes the research progress on the construction of supramolecular gels based on bile salts, including amino acids, rare earth salts, Graphene Oxide (GO), and surfactants. Cholic acid sodium, sodium deoxycholic acid, and lithocholic acid sodium cholic acid salt have special steroidal parent skeleton, which is much more complicated than the alkane surfactant, enabling them to self-assemble to form gel via non-covalent interactions such as van der Waals force, hydrogen bonding, and hydrophobic effect. Also addition of small molecules and other organic/inorganic fillers can increase the mechanical strength of the gels. Last part describes the formation of micro and nanomaterials by self-assembly in presence of bile salts, especially about their interaction with dye molecules, wherein the formed complex usually has novel and ordered microstructures. The interaction between surfactants and dye molecules are mainly driven by electrostatic forces, hydrogen bonding, and van der Waals force. Dye molecules are considered to be an ideal substrate for constructing functional nanomaterials and as biosurfactant, bile salts are often used to assist in the synthesis of micro and nanomaterials. In order to get a more comprehensive and in-depth understanding of the preparation of micro and nanomaterials in presence of bile salts, this article provides a solid foundation to explore future applications. Although the participation of bile salts in supramolecular self-assembly and in the preparation of various functional nanomaterials has not been studied much, the current research focuses on the template function of bile salt and ionic self-assembly. However, the biological and physiological aspects of bile salts are low;therefore the function of bile salts still needs to be probed.