美国体育治理的思想渊源、特征与启示

Thought Origin,Characteristics and Enlightenment of American Sports Governance

在我国大力推进体育治理体系建设,提升治理能力现代化的背景下,研究美国体育治理的思想渊源与特征。认为:“三权分立与制衡原则”是美国体育分权治理的思想之源,《独立宣言》是体育制度治理理念创新的法理依据,欧洲启蒙运动的先进思想是体育民权治理的社会基础,市场经济规律和实用主义是推进体育治理的持续动力,业余主义与自由主义的精神传统是体育治理的文化基因。美国体育治理特征体现为:强调制度设计基础上的“法治治理”,注重多元主体“协同共治”,凸显以社会组织为中心的“分权治理”,贯彻多元机制联动下的“民权自治”。对我国体育治理的启示:立足体育治理社会基础,构建本土治理理论框架,强化体育的“制度治理”;重塑政府、市场、社会组织关系,打造多元主体协同联动的体育治理综合体;定期开展体育治理效果的社会化评估,提升体育治理能力的现代化水平。

Under the background of the promotion of sports governance system and modernization ability,the study tries to explore the thought origin and characteristics of sports governance.It holds that “separation of powers and checks and balances” is the origin of sports decentralized governance;The Declaration of Independence is the legal basis for the concept innovation of sports system governance;the enlightenment thought is the social foundation of sports rights governance;the law of market economy and pragmatism is the steady power to promote sports governance;and the amateurism and liberal spirit are the cultural genes of sports governance.American sports governance is characteristic of institution-based “legal governance”,“collaboration” of multiple subjects,social organizations-based “decentralized governance”,and the “autonomy” with the linkage of pluralistic mechanism. The study offers the enlightenment as follows:building the social sports governance foundation and local theoretical framework,which is to strengthen the “system governance” of sport;reshaping the relationship between government,market,and social organizations for the purpose of building a plural sports governance complex with collaborative linkage of multiple subjects.And finally,social assessment should be carried out regularly to observe its governance effect,which will raise the level of modernization in sports governance.