运动员竞技体育暴力刑事裁判中的事实建构

Fact Construction in Criminal Judgment of Athletes’ Sports Violence

在刑事裁判中,规范与事实双生双栖、纠缠并进、循环确证,裁判者须将目光不断往返于两者之间,最终完成规范与事实的互构,生成裁判结果。囿于暴力在竞技体育中的美学价值,运动员的暴力事实被视为体育活动中的合理存在,并展现出不同于传统刑事案件事实的新颖性、集中性、隐蔽性、牵连性、科技性、广泛性、规则性等特征。与此相应,运动员竞技体育暴力事实的建构须考量竞技体育的本质、竞赛规则的价值、社会伦理的尺度、刑法的谦抑适用等多种因素,以确保刑事法律的介入在遏制恶性暴力之风的同时,不影响竞技体育的公平性及观赏性。

In criminal adjudication,norms and facts are like a twin-born flowers:living together,entwining and confirming each other in a cycle.However,restricted by the aesthetic value of violence in competitive sports,the violence fact of athletes is regarded as a reasonable existence in sports activities.It shows the characteristics of novelty,concentration,concealment,implication,science and technology,universality and rule,which are different from the facts of traditional criminal cases.Accordingly,the construction of athletes’ violence fact in competitive sports needs to consider the essence of competitive sports,the value of competition rules,the scale of social ethics,and the modest application of criminal law and other factors,so as to ensure that the intervention of criminal law will not affect the fairness and appreciation of competitive sports while curbing the trend of vicious violence.