身体知识的象言化:传统武术“即象感身”的哲学论绎

Xiang-lized speaking of the Body Knowledge:Philosophy Illustration of Traditional Wushu’s “Guiding Body Knowing in the Guise of Xiang”

运用中国哲学的阐释方法,探讨传统武术何以用文字典籍记载下了原本属于“难以言说”的默化技艺。提出:武术技艺传承中使用的“象言”是可“存储”技击和修身之大用的“即象感身”的言说方法。古代武术家以其长年习武、读经的切身体知,结合中国哲学特有的“象言”,为后辈留下保存有“活的身感技艺”的“身体阐释学”文本。因此,高妙的技击术虽然是幽隐的,身体技艺即使是默知的,但武术所用之“象言”能让幽隐的身体以或拟象、或喻象、或征象的方式凸显,达到治幽若明、躬身密用的效果。武术典文“象言”背后创发的机理是知觉运动感、内通感和历史文化感的综合作用。武术家以此言说方法,让存于文本中的技艺之“知”与练习者之“行”得以最大程度上合一,由文本可接引技艺,由技艺亦可反照典文,充分体现其实践哲学之智慧。

By using the method of Chinese Hermeneutics,the study interpreted how to record the tacit knowledge which is originally hard to tell,with words and classics.It illuminates that “Xiang words” is a speakable method of “Xiang guiding body knowing” which can “memorize” the striking and self-cultivation movements.Incorporating typical Chinese “Xiang words” and practices and reading classics of personal experiences,ancient Wushu masters persevered “body hermeneutics” text of “living body techniques”.Hence,although the high level striking techniques are hidden,body knowledge is tacit,“Xiang words” could emerge the hidden body with imitation,metaphor,symbol to achieve the target of guiding hidden as emersion,using seclusion in personal practices.The mechanism of Xiang words in Wushu classics is the synthesis of perception and kinesthesis,synesthesia,sense of history and culture.With this speaking method,Wushu masters combined the “knowing” in techniques and “practices” together in maximum,the text guiding techniques,the techniques responding classics,which embodies the intelligence of practicing philosophy.