2329例儿童过敏性疾病变应原检测结果分析

Investigation on Allergen in Children with Allergic Disease

目的调查无锡市儿童过敏性疾病的变应原种类和分布特点。方法 回顾性分析2017年6月至2018年5月在南京医科大学附属无锡人民医院就诊的2 329例过敏性疾病患儿变应原检测结果,包括婴幼儿组827例、学龄前组 883例和学龄组619例,检测项目包括吸入性变应原10种(尘螨、屋尘、桑树、猫毛皮屑、狗毛皮屑、蟑螂、苋、霉菌组合、混合草和树花粉)和食入性变应原9种(牛奶、牛肉、鸡蛋白、虾、蟹、贝、腰果、芒果、菠萝)。结果 2 329例被检测患儿中,检出变应原阳性1 885例,变应原总阳性率为80.9%,前3位阳性率高的变应原分别是尘螨(906例,38.9%)、牛奶(894例,38.4%)、鸡蛋白(614例,26.4%)。2 329例被检测患儿中同时检出2种以上变应原阳性者1 400例,阳性率为 60.1 %,其中婴幼儿组、学龄前组、学龄组阳性率分别为58.5%(484/827)、65.1%(575/883)、55.1%(341/619)。不同年龄组吸入性变应原、食入性变应原阳性率和混合阳性率比较差异有统计学意义(P<0.05),婴幼儿组以食入性变应原为主,学龄前组和学龄组以吸入性变应原为主。变应原阳性的患儿以第二、三季度较多,分别为85.6%(555/648)、86.3%(516/598),第一、四季度较低,分别为72.7%(311/428)、76.8%(503/655)。各季度变应原阳性率比较差异有统计学意义(P<0.01)。支气管哮喘、变应性鼻炎、湿疹变应原阳性率依次为80.1%(534/667)、86.0%(462/537)、82.4%(267/324)。结论 本地区儿童过敏性疾病的变应原分布以尘螨、牛奶、鸡蛋白多见,1年中以夏秋季多见,这些分布规律可为临床预防和治疗此类疾病提供依据。

Objective To investigate the common allergens and its distribution characteristics in children with allergic diseases in Wuxi city.Methods The results of allergen test for 2 329 children with allergic diseases in Wuxi People′s Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing Medical University from Jun.2017 to May 2018 were analyzed retrospectively,including 827 in infant group,883 in preschool group,and 619 in school age group.The tests included 10 kinds of inhalation allergens(house dust mite,house dust,mulberry,cat dander,dog dander,cockroach,amaranth,fungus combination,mixed grass and tree pollen) and 9 kinds of food allergens(milk,beef,egg white,shrimp,crab,shellfish,cashew nuts,mango,pineapple).Results The total positive rate of allergen was 80.9%(1 885 cases).The first three allergens were dust mites(906 cases,38.9%),milk (894 cases,38.4%),egg white(614 cases,26.4%).Of the 2 329 children tested,1 400(60.1%) were positive for more than two allergens at the same time,of which the positive rates were 58.5%(484/827) in infant group,65.1%(575/883) in preschool group and 55.1%(341/619) in school age group,respectively.There were significant differences in the positive rate of inhaled allergen,ingestion allergen and mixed allergen among different age groups(P<0.05).The main allergen was food allergen in the infant group,and inhaled allergen in the preschool group and school age group.The positive rates of allergen were higher in the second and third quarters 85.6%(555/648),86.3%(516/598) respectively,and lower in the first and fourth quarters 72.7%(311/428),76.8%(503/655) respectively.There were significant differences in the positive rate of allergen between each quarter(P<0.01).The positive rates of allergens in asthma,allergic rhinitis and eczema were 80.1%(534/667),86.0%(462/537) and 82.4%(267/324) respectively.Conclusion The allergens from dust mite,milk and egg white were more common in this area,and more common in summer and autumn.These characteristics provide references for the clinical prevention and control of the allergic diseases.