刑事诉讼中精神疾病自行鉴定问题研究——以张扣扣案的鉴定争议为线索

Discussion on Self-initiated Psychiatric Judicial Appraisal in Criminal Cases——Taking the Disputes on Appraisal in Zhang Koukou Case

我国《刑事诉讼法》中未对关于当事人自行进行精神病鉴定有明确规定,但相关规范性文件中存在自行鉴定的空间,实践中也有自行鉴定的合理需求。自行鉴定的鉴定意见具备作为证据的资格,是对控诉的合理怀疑,印证的方式也不能直接予以排除,应当纳入公安司法机关审查的范畴。为规范自行鉴定存在的问题,应当从程序上优化当事人的鉴定申请和参与的权利,提高鉴定人素质和强化责任追究,完善鉴定人、有专门知识的人的出庭制度,最终减少自行鉴定。

In the Criminal Procedure Law of China,there is no explicit provision on the parties'self-initiated appraisal of mental illness,but there is room for self-initiation in relevant normative documents,and there is a reasonable demand for self-initiation in practice.The opinion of self-initiated appraisal is qualified as evidence,and is a reasonable suspicion of the accusation,and the way of verification should not be directly excluded but should be included in the scope of judicial organs'examination.In order to resolve the problems existing in self-initiated appraisal,we should optimize the parties'right to apply for and participate in the appraisal procedure,improve the quality of appraisers and improve accountability,improve the system of appearing in court by appraisers and persons with expertise,and ultimately reduce self-initiated appraisal.