翘嘴鲌形态特征及其同工酶电泳分析

The morphological characteristics and electrophoretic analysis of isozymes in Culter alburnus

为了解翘嘴鲌(Culter alburnus)的形态特征和生化遗传特性,为其种质鉴定提供理论依据,本研究采用传统形态学方法测定样品的可量性状和可数性状,通过聚丙烯酰胺凝胶垂直板电泳对人工养殖翘嘴鲌群体的6种组织(心脏、眼晶状体、肾脏、脾脏、肌肉和肝脏)的乳酸脱氢酶(LDH)和苹果酸脱氢酶(MDH)进行分析。结果表明:1)翘嘴鲌的主要形态特征为:头背平直,口上位,下颌厚,向上翘起,突出于上颌之前;鳍式为背鳍D.ⅲ—7和臀鳍A.ⅲ—20~24;左侧第一鳃弓外侧鳃耙数为23~26;2)翘嘴鲌的心脏、眼晶状体、肾脏、脾脏、肌肉和肝脏中的LDH酶带条数分别为6、6、6~7、6、6和8条;MDH酶带条数分别为6、1、6、6、4和4条。翘嘴鲌的LDH和MDH具有组织特异性,肌肉组织LDH可作为鉴定翘嘴鲌种质的特征生化遗传参数。本研究可为翘嘴鲌种质鉴定及良种选育提供一定的理论依据。

This paper aims to understand the morphological characteristics and biochemical genetics characteristics of Culter alburnus in order to provide theoretical basis for their germplasm identification.The countable and measurable properties of experimental fish were measured with traditional morphological methods.The lactate dehydrogenase(LDH)and malate dehydrogenase(MDH)isozymes expressed in six tissues(heart,eye,kidney,spleen,muscle and liver)from one artificial cultured stocks of Culter alburnus were analyzed by the vertical polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis.The results showed several main morphological characteristics and LDH and MDH isozymes system as follows.The dorsum and head were straight and flat.A mouth located at the upper position of the head with a thick underjaw which protruded the upper jaw.The dorsal fin formula was D.ⅲ-7 and anal fin A.ⅲ-20-24.The number of outer gill rackers on the left first gill arch was 23-26.Moreover,the band numbers of LDH isozymes expressed in heart,eye,kidney,spleen,muscle and liver were 6,6,6-7,6,6 and 8,respectively.And MDH isozymes 6,1,6,6,4 and 4,respectively.LDH and MDH isozymes system of Culter alburnus presented tissue specificity.LDH isozymes expressed in muscle can be used to the biochemical genetic marker of Culter alburnus.This research will provide theoretical basis for the germplasm identification and breeding selection of Culter alburnus.