山区多元化生态补偿挑战与对策

Challenges and Countermeasures of Diverse Ecological Compensation in Mountainous Areas

山区是生态系统服务的重要来源。山区为平原区提供了重要的服务,按照保护者受偿,受益者补偿的原则,平原城镇应当向山区进行生态补偿。文章在梳理生态补偿概念和理论的基础上,分析了山区生态补偿面临的长期性、空间异质性、利益关系复杂性等挑战,进而提出了山区生态补偿的基本框架。建议在基本框架下按照分类、分区、分级和分步推进山区的生态补偿实践:(1)按生态服务类型制定生态补偿方案;(2)科学划定补偿范围和分区;(3)设计分等级的补偿标准;(4)制定分步实施计划,对生态补偿方案设置动态调整机制。

Mountainous areas are an important source of ecosystem services.Mountainous areas provide important services for plain areas.According to the principle that the protectors are compensated and the beneficiaries give compensation,towns in plain areas should give ecological compensation to mountain areas.Based on the concept and theory of ecological compensation,this paper analyses the challenges of ecological compensation in mountainous areas,such as long-term,spatial heterogeneity and complexity in interests relations,then puts forward establishing basic framework of ecological compensation in mountainous areas.Conducted to implement the practice of ecological compensation in mountainous areas under the basic framework,recommendations as follows:(1)Formulating ecological compensation schemes according to the types of ecological services;(2)Scientifically delimiting compensation scope and planning zoning;(3)Making compensation criteria at different levels;(4)Establishing step-by-step implementation plan and setting up dynamic adjustment mechanism for ecological compensation scheme.