美国关键矿产战略调整对我国的相关启示

The Relevant Enlightenment of the Strategic Adjustment of Critical Minerals in the United States

关键矿产是对国家经济和安全至关重要的矿产或矿产材料。2019年6月,美国商务部发布《确保关键矿产安全可靠供应的联邦战略》,包括6项行动、24项目标和61项建议。该战略体现了美国集中全力确保关键矿产稳定供给的决心,显示了美国在关键矿产问题上重新审视资源保障与环境保护之间的关系,推进了从关键矿产勘查到开发利用的重大政策调整,包括加强地质填图、修订规划流程、优先考虑矿产勘查的准入、缩短审批时间等方面。因此,我国也应高度重视关键矿产的开发利用,通过加强战略规划、关键矿产目录、形势分析与预警、生态经济技术评价、矿业科技创新、信息开发利用等方面的制度建设,确保关键矿产的安全稳定供应。

Critical minerals are minerals or mineral materials which are of great importance to national economy and security.In June 2019,the U.S.Department of Commerce issued“A Federal Strategy to Ensure Secure and Reliable Supplies of Critical Minerals”,which mainly included 6 actions,24 goals and 61 recommendations.The strategy reflected the determination of the United States government to ensure reliable supply of critical minerals at all costs,to review the relationship between resource guarantee and environmental protection of critical minerals.The strategy shall promote significant policy adjustments from exploration to development and utilization of critical minerals,including strengthening geological mapping,revising planning processes,giving priority access to mineral exploration,shortening the approval time,and etc.Therefore,China should also pay high attention to the exploitation and utilization of the critical minerals.To ensure the security and reliable supply of critical minerals,we should strengthen the implementation of strategic planning,critical mineral inventory,situation analysis and early warning,evaluation of ecological economy and technology,mining technological innovation,information development and utilization of critical minerals.