彩色多普勒超声在2型糖尿病患者下肢动脉硬化中的检查意义

Significance of Color Doppler Ultrasound in the Diagnosis of Lower Extremity Arteriosclerosis in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes

目的探讨2型糖尿病患者下肢动脉硬化诊断中彩色多普勒超声的应用效果。方法选择该院于2018年1—12月期间收治的39例2型糖尿病患者为观察组对象,同期接受体检的39名健康人为参照组对象,两组对象均接受彩色多普勒超声检查,对比血管中-内膜层厚以及2型糖尿病患者下肢动脉超声征象、病变分布情况。结果观察组对象的不光滑无斑块率与对照组近似,差异无统计学意义(χ^2=0.4588,P>0.05);观察组对象的不光滑有斑块率以及管腔内膜光滑率与对照组进行比较分析,组间差异有统计学意义(χ^2=19.3260,40.8770,P<0.05);对比两组对象的血管中-内膜层厚发现,观察组各项数据均明显高于对照组,差异存在统计学意义(t=9.0554,9.1402,9.4124,7.9157,7.7276,P<0.05)。分析超声征象可见患者管腔内斑块主要集中于足背动脉、胫后动脉、腘动脉、胫前动脉以及股动脉,若糖尿病患者下肢动脉的血管中-内膜层厚>1mm,且有斑块存在,血管壁毛糙,血流束形态缺乏规则性,血流信号充盈;若下肢动脉硬化斑块导致患者血管闭塞或是狭窄,血流束直径相对较小且不存在血流信号,频谱以双相波形或是单峰为特征。结论通过彩色多普勒超声对2型糖尿病患者的下肢动脉硬化情况进行诊断,不仅可以有效明确患者血管病变情况以及位置,还能准确反映病变程度,具有推广使用价值。

Objective To investigate the effect of color Doppler ultrasound in the diagnosis of lower extremity arteriosclerosis in patients with type 2 diabetes.Methods 39 patients with type 2 diabetes who were admitted to our hospital from January to December 2018 were enrolled in the study group.39 healthy subjects who underwent physical examination were the reference group.Both groups received color Doppler ultrasound examination,comparison of intravascular-intimal layer thickness and lower extremity arterial ultrasound signs and lesion distribution in patients with type 2 diabetes.Results The opaque and plaque-free rate of the observation group was similar to that of the control group.The difference was not statistically significant(χ^2=0.458 8,P>0.05).The opaque plaque rate of the observation group and the smoothness of the endometrium were compared with the control group.The comparison between the groups was statistically significant(χ^2=19.326 0,40.877 0,P<0.05).Compared with the blood vessel-intimal layer thickness of the two groups,the data of the observation group were significantly higher than the control group.The difference was statistically significant(t=9.055 4,9.140 2,9.412 4,7.915 7,7.727 6,P<0.05).Analysis of ultrasound signs showed that the plaque in the lumen of the patient was mainly concentrated in the dorsal artery,posterior tibial artery,radial artery,anterior tibial artery and femoral artery.If the lower extremity artery of diabetic patients had a vascular-intimal layer thickness>1 mm and there was plaque block exists,the blood vessel wall is rough,the blood flow beam shape is lack of regularity,and the blood flow signal is filled;if the lower extremity arteriosclerotic plaque causes the patient's blood vessel to be occluded or narrowed,the blood flow beam diameter is relatively small and there is no blood flow signal,the spectrum is a two-phase waveform or a single peak is characteristic.Conclusion The diagnosis of lower extremity arteriosclerosis in patients with type 2 diabetes by color Doppler ultrasound can not only effectively determine the vascular lesions and location of patients,but also accurately reflect the extent of lesions.