雄蚕品种“秋·华×平30”的孵化率与雄蚕率调查

Investigation on Hatching Rate and Male Silkworm Rate of Male Silkworm Hybrid "Qiu·Hua × Ping 30"

针对近年来生产中出现的雄蚕品种“秋·华×平30”杂交种孵化率偏高的情况,以不同叶质全龄饲喂平衡致死系“平30A”、“平30B”单系原种,与常规对交原种“秋·华”交配制成“秋·华×平30A(B)”雄蚕杂交种,并以3种不同蚕种处理方式(不同用种期别)孵化,调查各处理组雄蚕杂交种的孵化率,并观察高孵化率蛾圈蚕儿的发育情况,调查蛾区的结茧率与雄蚕率。结果表明:雄蚕杂交种不同的蚕种处理方式(用种期别)对高孵化率的发生有明显影响,尤其是即时浸酸种与冷藏浸酸种更易发生高孵化率,而越年种很少发生;平衡致死系不同品系对雄蚕杂交种高孵化率的发生存在明显差异;高孵化率卵圈孵出的雌蚕在1~2龄自然死亡,对蚕儿的健康度、结茧率与雄蚕率没有影响,但平衡致死系的致死机理有待进一步研究。

In view of the abnormal high hatching rate of male silkworm hybrid "Qiu·Hua×Ping 30" in recent years, parental silkworm larvae of sex- linked balanced lethal silkworm lines "Ping 30A" and "Ping 30B" were fed with different leaf quality, and then crossed with the conventional variety "Qiu·Hua" to prepare the male silkworm hybrid "Qiu·Hua×Ping 30 A(B)". The eggs of male silkworm hybrid "Qiu·Hua×Ping 30A(B)" was treated with three different ways in different stages for hatching, and then the hatching rate of those treated male silkworm hybrids was investigated. Moreover, larval development、cocooning rate and male silkworm rate of layings with abnormal high hatching rate were investigated. The results showed that different hatching treatments of male silkworm hybrid eggs had obvious effects on the occurrence of abnormal high hatching rate, especially eggs by instant acid treatment and eggs by acid treatment after refrigeration showed higher occurring tendency , and hibernated silkworm eggs showed less occurring rate. There are significant differences in abnormal high hatching rate occurrence between two balanced lethal silkworm lines. Female silkworms hatched in variety with abnormal high hatching rate died naturally at the 1~2 instar, which has no effect on the larval health, cocooning rate and male silkworm rate. The mechanism of how balanced lethal line works needs further study.