从天人合一到大道为中——早期中国世界观的生成演变与当下意义

From “Heaven-Human Unity(天人合一)” to “Middle is the Tao(大道为中)”——the Origin and Development of Early Chinese World Value System and Its Current Significance

早期中国的世界观可概括为天人合一和大道为中,其中,天人合一多被古今论者认为是中国思想、文化与文明的本源性观点。从文献上看,天人合一学说以天人感应为基础,逐步发展到天人合道、合德的互动关系,早期的天人关系先后经历过天命至上、道法自然、天人相参的不同阶段。从考古发现来看,对天、祭天以及天人关系之认识的历史源头比文献所述更加遥远,从河南濮阳西水坡墓地的龙虎星座图到辽宁东山嘴方圆祭坛再到山西陶寺观象台,均体现了古代中国天人合一观念的某些方面。就当下而论,天人关系可以归为人与自然的关系,人类要不断调整自己与天地万物的关系,在扩大自身权利、福利的同时,也要赋予万物以价值,以适中的态度对待两者之间已经形成的具有内在关系的协同共生的演进关系。

Early Chinese value of the world can be summarized as the theory of “Heaven-Human Unity” and “Middle is the Tao”, in which, the former is considered as the core value of Chinese ideology, ethical culture and civilization. From early documentation, the heaven-human unity theory is based on the induction of heaven and mankind, gradually transforming to the unity and interaction of the two ends in perspective of Tao and moral and ethics. Early celestial-human relationship has been developed through different phases such as considering celestial as priority,valuing nature from Tao..s perspective,and admitting the exchangeable influence between heaven and humanity. Archaeology discoveries pushes our knowledge of heaven,haven-worship and haven-human relationship way earlier than narratives from documentation. The dragon-tiger horoscope Picture in the tomb of Xishuipo in Puyang, Henan, the altar of Dong Shan Zui in Liaoning,and the observatory of Taosi in Shanxi, all showcase certain viewpoints of ancient Chinese ideology of heaven-human relationship. In terms of now, the writer argues that the heaven-human relationship can be think as the nature-human relationship,and human should never cease the effort to adjust its relationship and to recognize the value of other beings in the way of“Middle is the Tao”when enlarging our own species’welfare as coexistence with mutual influences in the course of evolveution.