朱陆之争与朱熹陆九渊往来书信的佚缺

On the Dispute and the Deficiency of Correspondence between Zhu Xi and Lu Jiuyuan

朱熹、陆九渊二人多次发生学术之争,其学术争辩多通过往来书信互探疑义。但朱、陆往来书信多有佚缺者,似当出自有意之所为。首先,佚缺的朱熹、陆九渊往来书信,其部分内容、文句,皆含有表彰、服膺对方学说,或观照对方观点而反思、反省己说的文字。但在朱、陆身后,随着论争的激化,二人之后学皆不能接受其师竟然接受或服膺对方之说,如此则只能将此类书信隐匿,而拒绝收入朱、陆二人的文集之中,终至佚缺。其次,为证明对方服膺己说,朱熹、陆九渊在引录对方书信时,屡有删略文字以使对方文字看起来符合己意。最后,朱熹引录陆九渊书信文字,多是为批评陆说以伸张自己的观点,而陆九渊引录朱熹书信文字,却大多是为证明朱说实与自己的观点相同。此一现象可说明在晚宋乃至稍后的学界内,大抵处于朱主陆从的状态。分析朱熹、陆九渊往来书信的佚缺现象以及形成原因,可知此类现象往往是因为编纂其文集、著述之后学的有意作为,以便能与其坚持之学说相符合。此当引起今日阅读、研究者的充分注意。

Zhu Xi and Lu Jiuyuan had many academic disputes, and their academic disputes were mostly transmitted through correspondence.However, there are many missing letters between them, among which there are intentional factors.First of all, the missing correspondence contains the words of approving the other party..s doctrine or reflecting on oneself. With the intensification of the dispute between Zhu and Lu, their students could not accept their teachers..acceptance of each other..s opinions, so they hid such letters and refused to be included in the anthologies of Zhu and Lu. Secondly, in order to prove that the other side agrees with their own views, Zhu Xi and Lu Jiuyuan often delete words to make the other side..s words appear to be in line with their own intentions when quoting the other side.. s letters. Thirdly, Zhu Xi quoted Lu Jiuyuan..s letters mostly for criticizing Lu to stretch his own point of view, while Lu Jiuyuan quoted Zhu Xi..s letters mostly to prove that Zhu is the same as his own point of view. This phenomenon can be explained that in the late Song Dynasty and later academic circles, Zhu Xi..s theory dominated the situation. By analyzing the missing phenomena of Zhu Xi and Lu Jiuyuan..s correspondence and their causes, it can be seen that such phenomena are often students..intentional actions. This should attract the full attention of today..s readers and researchers.