汉字笔画理论谬误辨正

Discrimination and Correction of the Fallacy of Chinese Character Strokes Theory

现代汉字学把笔画定义为“构成汉字字形的最小单位”“是从落笔到提笔的过程中写出的点或线”。根据定义,笔画本是对字形结构静态分析的结果,但是由于“最小单位”并无标志,所以确认笔画只能依靠书写过程的动态分析,结果文字学和书法艺术学被混为一谈。然而书写实践显示,“落笔提笔”“最小单位”和“笔画”之间互不对等。错误的笔画观念导致在笔画的确认、分类归类、命名等一系列问题上都出现很多偏差。现代汉字学沿袭了明代梅膺祚提出的“一笔成画”观念以及书法笔画和检索笔画混合的做法。几十年来,新构建的笔画系统层出不穷,但至今没有一个合乎文字学原理。本文立足于汉字形体特征分析,把笔画定义为“字形上由端点标识的片段”,并根据笔形和笔向构建出“九笔画系统”,包括线形、角形、点形三类九种笔画。文章最后说明九笔画系统与已有各笔画系统的关系。

Stroke was defined as the smallest unit that constitutes the shape of Chinese characters,the dot or the line written from the start to the end during the writing process in modern Chinese graphology.According to the definition,stroke is the result of static analysis of the glyph structure,but there is no identification mark for the minimum unit,the confirmation of strokes has to rely on the dynamic analysis of the writing process,as a result,grammatology and the study of calligraphy art were mixed up.However,the writing practice showed that from the start to the end of writing,the smallest unit and stroke,there are not equivalent between every two of them.The wrong concept of strokes led to many deviations in the series of problems such as confirmation,classification and naming of strokes.Modern Chinese graphology follows the concept of once writing into one stroke proposed by Mei Yingzuo in the Ming Dynasty and the practice of mixing calligraphy strokes and retrieving strokes.For decades,the newly constructed stroke system has emerged endlessly,but none of them conformed to the grammatical principle.Based on the analysis of the features of Chinese characters,this paper defines strokes as fragments identified by endpoints in the glyphs and constructs the“nine-stroke system”according to shapes and directions of strokes,including three categories and nine kinds of strokes such as line font,corniform an punctiform.And at last,this article concludes with a description of the relationship between the“nine-stroke system”and the existing stroke systems.