“拒地”释义补说

Paraphrase the Phrase Judi (拒地)Complementally

韩愈《忆昨行和张十一》诗中的“拒地”是中古汉语习见词语,前人释义不一,清代学者陈景云的“同‘據地’,以脚據持地”说略近其实。细考“拒地”(又作“距地”)与“據地”,其含义有细微差别:“據地”自先秦以来承袭已久,侧重“用手按(據持)着地(跪坐着)”之义,主语一般都是手,唐代以前未见例外;而“拒(距)地”唐代始见,强调“用力抵(撑蹬)地”之义,施事主语可以是手,也可以是足或其他事物。宋代以后以“據地”混同于“拒地”,当属不规范表达。

Judi(拒地)in Han Yu’s poetry Yi Zuoxing he Zhangshiyi(《忆昨行和张十一》)is a common phrase in Mediaeval Chinese,which has been interpreted differently by some previous scholars.Chen Jingyun,a scholar in Qing Dynasty,insisted that judi(拒地)means having exclusive control of the ground,which might be approximate to the real meaning.But we found there are nuances between the implications of judi(拒地or距地)and judi(據地)through investigating them carefully.Judi(據地)was inherited from Pre-Qin for a long time,which emphasizes the meaning of sitting on heels by hands pushing the ground,the subjects were usually the hands and there were no exceptions before Tang Dynasty.While judi(拒地or距地)was fi rstly used in the documents of Tang Dynasty emphasizing the meaning of push or pedal the ground emphatically,the agentive subject could be hands or feet or something else.After Song Dynasty judi(據地)and judi(拒地)were used interchangeably,which should be non-standard expression.