论斯大林党建思想的得与失

On Gains and Losses of Stalin’s Party Building Thought

斯大林是社会主义国家的创始者之一,对20世纪人类历史产生过重大而深远的影响,同时也是极具争议性的领袖人物。在其担任苏联共产党领袖30年里,他继承和发展了马克思恩格斯列宁的无产阶级政党理论,也是这一理论的真正实践者。本文从得与失的视角评析斯大林的党建思想。斯大林比较全面正确地继承了列宁党建思想,并形成了自己独特的较为系统的党建思想体系,将马克思主义与苏联实际相结合,进行了理论和制度创新,在执政党建设中取得了重大成效。同时斯大林党建思想中存在理论与实践相脱离,革命思想压倒执政意识,混淆了“领导”与“执政”功能,党群关系紧张与变形等问题,这严重影响了执政党的形象,削弱了党的执政基础。在新的历史时期,研究斯大林党建思想的得与失,对中国共产党举什么旗,走什么路,如何执政,怎样执政等重大问题具有重要的理论和实践意义。

Stalin is one of the founders of socialist countries.He has had a significant and far-reaching impact on human history in the 20th century.Also he is a highly controversial leader.During his 30 years as the leader of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union,he inherited and developed Marx,Engels and Lenin’s proletarian party theory.Also he was the true practitioner of the theory.This paper evaluates Stalin’s party building thought from the perspective of gains and losses.Stalin inherited Lenin's party building thought comprehensively and correctly,and formed his own unique and systematic party building ideological system.Combining Marxism with the reality of the Soviet Union,Stalin carried out theoretical and institutional innovation,and achieved significant results in the construction of the ruling party.At the same time,there are some problems in Stalin’s party building thought,such as the separation of theory and practice,revolutionary thought overwhelming ruling ideology,confounding the functions of“leadership”with“governance”,tension and deformation of party-masses relationship,which have seriously affected the image of the ruling party and weakened the ruling foundation of the party.In the new historical period,studying the gains and losses of Stalin’s party building thought is of great theoretical and practical significance for the Communist Party of China to what banner to hold,what road to take and how to govern.