多元混溶:改土归流后土家族聚居区民间信仰的融合——以《控送诸神本章》为中心的探讨

Blend of Multi-Faith:The Integration of Folk Beliefs in the Habitation of Tujia People after the Bureaucratization of Native Officers——A Discussion Centered on The Chapter on the Control of Gods

本文结合方志等文献分析新发现的《控送诸神本章》中各类神祇和祭祀仪式,从中可见,改土归流后多种形态的民间信仰进入土家族聚居区与当地原有的信仰整合,在唯灵是信的原则下被融合到以百姓为中心的生活圈、生产圈、想象空间等三个不同层次的祭祀圈中。它深刻反映了中国传统民间信仰的包容性,本地区改土归流后的文化变迁,土家族聚居区民族走廊地理位置的特殊性等。《控送诸神本章》为我们对中华民族多元一体格局的形成研究提供了一个很好的案例和角度。

This paper,based on the analysis of various gods and sacrificial rituals described in the newly discovered The Chapter on the Control of Gods with some historical materials such as local records,finds that after the bureaucratization of native officers,diversified folk beliefs have entered the habitation of Tujia people,combined with the original beliefs,and have been integrated into the sacrifice circle under the principle of"spiritual and faithful".The sacrifice circle centered on the people has three levels of living circle,production circle and imagination space.It profoundly reflects the inclusiveness of traditional Chinese folk beliefs,the cultural changes of the Tujiainhabited region after the bureaucratization of native officers,and the special geographical location of the national corridor of the Tujia people habitation.The Chapter on the Control of Gods provides us a good example and perspective to study the formation of the pluralistic integration of the Chinese nation.