城市化进程对热环境影响的WRF/UCM评估方法

Evaluation method of impact of urbanization on thermal environment based on WRF / UCM

建立了一种评估总规尺度城市规划布局对热环境影响的高精度模拟方法.实现了高精度土地利用、地形等数据向WRF静态数据场的转化,并确立了所需的物理方案和UCM城市参数.以大连连续晴朗天气2015-08-09—2015-08-14为例,进行了100m的高分辨率模拟,模拟结果与气象站观测值吻合较好.以1993年和2020年的两种土地利用和规划资料进行了WRF模型对比试验,结果表明自1993年以来,随着城市扩张,城市温度不断升高,平均风速下降.城市总体升温幅度为0.56℃,甘井子区、金普新区等地区温度上升最明显,在1.0~1.5℃.温度上升幅度超过1℃的地区占城市总面积的12.6%.中山区、西岗区、沙河口区等城市建成区的温度升高范围较小,介于0.3~0.8℃.金普新区风速下降最明显,下降平均值为0.62m·s^-1;中山区、西岗区、沙河口区的城市扩张与1993年相比并不明显,但受到周边影响,风速也有所下降.

A high-precision simulation method is established to evaluate the impact of urban master planning layout on thermal environment. The process of transforming high-precision land use and terrain data into WRF static data field is achieved, and the required physical scheme and UCM urban categories are established. A 100 m finer high resolution simulation is conducted for 5 consecutive days (August 9, 2015 - August 14, 2015) in Dalian, the simulation results are in good agreement with the observation data of the weather station. Two types of land use and planning information in 1993 and 2020 are compared by WRF model. The results show that since 1993, with the urban expansion, the city temperature increases continuously and the average wind speed decreases. The average temperature increases 0.56 ℃ in urban constructed area. The temperatures of Ganjingzi District and Jinpu New District are evidently increased with the range between 1.0 ℃ and 1.5 ℃. The urban area with a temperature increase range above 1 ℃ accounts for 12. 6% of the total area. The temperature increase range of urbanized areas formerly, such as Zhongshan District, Xigang District and Shahekou District, is smaller (between 0.3 ℃ and 0.8 ℃). The wind speed shows a significant downward trend in Jinpu New District, and the average value declines 0.62 m·s^-1 . Although the urban expansions of Zhongshan District, Xigang District and Shahekou District are not evident compared with that in 1993, the wind speed also drops as a result of the surrounding influences.