小学生运动自信对锻炼行为的影响:主观锻炼体验的中介作用

Effect of Sports Confidence on Exercise Behavior in Pupil: Mediating Role of Subjective Exercise Experience

目的分析小学生运动自信与锻炼行为之间的关系,探讨主观锻炼体验在二者之间的中介作用,为有效增强体育锻炼意识,改善小学生锻炼行为提供理论依据。方法采用《运动自信量表》《主观锻炼体验量表》对600名四至六年级学生进行问卷调查,并对调查结果进行分析。结果小学生运动自信与其锻炼行为各维度均呈正相关(p<0.01);运动自信与积极幸福感存在显著正相关(p<0.01),与心理烦恼存在显著负相关(p<0.01);运动自信能够显著正向预测锻炼时间(R^2=0.046,p<0.001)、锻炼频率(R^2=0.039,p<0.01)、锻炼强度(R^2=0.028,p<0.01)以及积极幸福感(R^2=0.133,p<0.001),运动自信能够显著负向预测心理烦恼(R^2=0.025,p<0.001);运动自信既可以直接影响锻炼行为,也可以通过主观锻炼体验的中介作用对锻炼行为产生间接影响。结论构建中介效应模型在一定程度上揭示了小学生运动自信影响锻炼行为的作用机制,对于指导小学生参与体育锻炼行为,增强体质,改善健康具有一定的参考价值。

Objective To analyze the relationship between exercise self-confidence and exercise behavior of pupils and explore the mediating role of subjective exercise experience,so as to provide theoretical basis for effectively enhancing exercise awareness and improving exercise behavior of pupils.Methods 600 students graded 4 to 6 were surveyed with the Sports Self-Confidence Scale and the Subjective Exercise Experience Scale,and the results were analyzed.Results There was a positive correlation between exercise self-confidence and every dimension of exercise behavior(p<0.01),a significant positive correlation between exercise self-confidence and positive well-being(p<0.01),and a significant negative correlation between exercise self-confidence and mental distress(p<0.01).Exercise self-confidence can significantly predict exercise time(R2=0.046,p<0.001),exercise frequency(R2=0.039,p<0.01),exercise intensity(R2=0.028,p<0.01)and positive well-being(R2=0.133,p<0.001),and exercise self-confidence can significantly negatively predict psychological distress(R2=0.025,p<0.001).Sports self-confidence can not only directly affect exercise behavior,but also indirectly influence exercise behavior through the mediating effect of subjective exercise experience.Conclusion The construction of mediating effect model reveals the mechanism of pupils'exercise self-confidence affecting exercise behavior,which has a certain reference value for guiding pupils to participate in physical exercise behavior,enhancing physical fitness and improving health.