核酸适配体序列优化策略的研究进展

Recent development of the optimization strategies of aptamer sequences

核酸适配体作为新兴的识别分子,具有高亲和力、高特异性、易合成修饰、设计灵活等优点,已经被广泛应用于化学、生物学、医学相关的多个领域。然而,核酸适配体往往存在序列较长、构型设计复杂、标记成本较高等缺点,因此在核酸适配体的应用中常常需要对其序列进行改造。该综述简要介绍了核酸适配体的性质和筛选过程,并从序列截短、裂分和拼接等方面对核酸适配体序列的改造策略进行了阐述。此外,还对核酸适配体序列改造方法的发展方向进行了展望。

As emerging recognition molecules, nucleic acid aptamers have the advantages of high affinity, high specificity, easy synthesis, easy modification and flexible design, and have been widely used in the research fields of chemistry, biology and medicine. However, application of aptamers usually limited by long sequence, complex design and high cost of labeling, and so on. Therefore, it is urgently needed to optimize the original sequences of aptamers. This review briefly introduced the properties and screening process of aptamers, and the optimization strategies of aptamer sequences, such as sequence truncation, splitting and splicing. Furthermore, the future developments of the optimization methods of aptamer sequences were also discussed.