黔苦5号全麦荞茶的营养与抗氧化、免疫调节功效评价研究

Study on the Nutrition,Antioxidative and Immunoregulatory Activities of Tartary Buckwheat Tea of QianBitter 5

评鉴贵州特色黔苦5号全麦荞茶(QB5T)营养与抗氧化、免疫调节功效,为区域性荞麦饮品研发与推广提供科技支撑。以贵州特色黔苦1号全麦荞茶(QB1T)、贵州特色黔苦5号全麦荞茶(QB5T)为材料,应用福林酚比色法和高效液相色谱法对QB1T、QB5T的多酚、黄酮含量进行测定,采用1,1-二苯基-2-三硝基苯肼(1,1-dipheny1-2-picryl-hydrazyl,DPPH)法、2, 2-联氮-二(3-乙基-苯并噻唑-6-磺酸)二铵盐[2, 2'-azinobis-(3-ethylbenzthiazoline-6-sulphonate), ABTS]自由基清除法、铁离子还原/抗氧化能力(ferric reducing ability of plasma,FRAP)法测定抗氧化能力,建立免疫低下小鼠模型,测定QB5T醇提物对免疫低下小鼠的免疫器官、细胞免疫影响。结果表明:QB5T感观及冲饮特性较优;营养价值较高,碳水化合物占69.50 %,蛋白质含量达20.12 %,多酚、总黄酮含量显著高于QB1T(P<0.05),分别为25.72、20.06 mg/g;总黄酮主要为芦丁(18.23 mg/g)、山奈酚(660.00 μg/g)和槲皮素(412.33 μg/g)。QB5T乙醇提取物抗氧化活性显著优于QB1T,且浓度为100 μg/mL时,对ABTS+·、DPPH·清除率分别达59.53 %、75.02 %,仅次于VC,而FRAP值(255.24 μg FeSO4·7H2O eq/mL)显著优于VC(231.72 μg FeSO4·7H2O eq/mL)。采用QB5T醇提物灌胃免疫低下小鼠,小鼠各项免疫指标均显著或极显著高于模型对照组,且呈现剂量-效应关系:高剂量组的胸腺指数(4.98 mg/g)显著高于模型对照组(P<0.05);脾脏指数(7.77 mg/g)、IgG含量(1 095.65 mg/100 mL)、IgM含量(175.23 mg/100 mL)、血清血溶素水平(OD450值为0.49)、耳肿胀率(121.62 %),吞噬率(53.12 %)则均表现为极显著(P<0.01)。

In order to promote the tartary buckwheat tea of Guizhou, the product qualities which had been produced by QianBitter 5 (QB5T) were identified and evaluated, including its nutrition, antioxidative and immunoregulatory activities. Taking QianBitter 5 (QB5T) and QianBitter 1 (QB1T) as raw material, and three methods of 1,1-dipheny1-2-picryl-hydrazyl(DPPH),2, 2'-azinobis-(3-ethylbenzthiazoline-6-sulphonate)(ABTS) and ferric reducing ability (FRAP) of plasma were used to determine the antioxidant capacity of them.The model of immunocompromised mice was established to determine the effect of QB5T alcohol extract on immune organs and cellular immunity of immunocompromised mice. The results showed that the levels of carbohydrate, protein, polyphenol and total flavonoid content were 69.50 %, 20.12 %, 25.72 mg/g and 20.06 mg/g, respectively. So its nutritional value was more richer. And then the clearance rates of ABTS+ and DPPH free radicals were 59.53 % and 75.02 %, respectively, when ethanol extract of 100 μg/mL, which was second only to VC. But the FRAP value was 255.24 μg FeSO4·7H2O eq/mL, which was stronger than VC(231.72 μg FeSO4·7H2O eq/mL), ethanol extract of QB5T had stronger antioxidant activity. In immunoregulatory activities respect, the immunological indexes of the immunosuppressed mice in the gavage groups were significant or extremely significant higher than those in the model control group, especially the high dose group, its thymus index (4.98 mg/g) was significantly (P<0.05) higher than the model control group, and its spleen index (7.77 mg/g), IgG content (1 095.65 mg/100 mL), IgM content (175.23 mg/100 mL), serum hemolysin the level (OD450 value was 0.49), ear swelling rate (121.62 %), phagocytic rate (53.12 %) were extremely significant (P<0.01). Immunoregulatory effect of QB5T was prominent and showed dose-effect relationship.