咖啡种间嫁接与不嫁接植株主要农艺和品质性状比较

Main Agronomic and Quality Characters of Coffee Plants Grafted and Not Grafted

为探明种间嫁接生产应用可行性,以解决连作咖啡园再植植株长势弱、死亡率高的问题,布置了以未嫁接的中粒种咖啡热研3号实生后代为对照,查理种16号为砧木、中粒种咖啡热研3号实生后代为接穗的种间嫁接大田试验。经过5 a的田间性状观测,结果表明:1年生种间嫁接植株株高、茎粗、冠幅、最长一级分枝长度大于未嫁接植株,但差异未达显著,种间嫁接植株一级分枝对数、最长一级分枝节数显著大于未嫁接植株;2015年单节果实数未嫁接植株显著高于嫁接植株,其余年份(2014年、2016年)差异不显著;干鲜比、百粒重、单株鲜果产量两者间差异不显著。虽然嫁接植株2015年单节果实数显著低于未嫁接植株,但种间嫁接促进了中粒种咖啡的生长,增加了单株结果节数,因而嫁接植株单株鲜果产量未显著减少。综上,嫁接不影响中粒种单株鲜果产量和果实的品质性状,该组合的种间嫁接在生产中推广应用是可行的。

In order to apply the interspecific grafting technique in coffee production,five years of field experiments were carried out to study the main agronomic characters and quality characters between C.canephora cv.Reyan No.3(No Grafted)and C.canephora scion grafted on C.liberica var.Dewevrei No.16 rootstock(Grafted).The results showed that the plant height,stem diameter,crown width and longest primary branches length were higher in 1-year-old grafted trees,but the difference was not significant.The number of primary branches and the number of the longest primary branches node of the grafted were significantly bigger than that of not grafted.The fruit number per node was significantly higher in the not grafted in 2015,but there was no significant difference in 2014 and 2016.The dry-fresh ratio,weight of 100 beans,single plant fruits weight were not significantly different between the not grafted and the grafted.As the number of fruit nodes per grafted plant increased,the yield of grafted plants not significantly decreased.In summary,there were no effects on the yield and quality characters of grafted plants,the interspecific grafting could be applied in coffee production.