环境因素对盛花期茉莉鲜花香气的影响

Effect of Environmental Factors on the Aroma Compounds of Jasminum sambac(L.) Aiton

茉莉花香气是在开放过程中形成的,香气组成受开放环境和生长气候因素影响。本研究探究了福州茉莉鲜花离体开放中香气变化及气候因素对其香气组成的影响。结果表明,茉莉花吐香峰值出现在21:30左右,并持续至翌日02:00,香气成分中乙酸苄酯、芳樟醇、苯甲醇、吲哚和氨茴酸甲酯等与总浓度呈现相似变化趋势,而α-法昵烯和苯甲酸甲酯在21:30达到高峰后,呈现明显下降趋势;乙酸叶醇酯则在21:30时浓度达到最低值。雨水茉莉和晴天茉莉主要香气种类相同,但雨水茉莉中乙酸叶醇酯含量约为晴天茉莉的10倍,具有较浓的青草味,且雨水茉莉的香气品质评价指数(JTF=1.17)低于晴天茉莉(JTF=1.87)。在茉莉花盛花期(6—10月),长乐和福清两地鲜花的JTF指数最高值均出现在7月,最低值出现在10月,表明伏花香气品质最佳。聚类分析显示,不同月份的长乐鲜花和福清鲜花的香气相似度不同,6—9月的长乐鲜花香气聚为一类,10月单独一类;而6—8月的福清鲜花香气成分聚为一类,9—10月为另一类。

The aroma component of Jasminum sambac is formed during the flowering process,which is influenced by the flowering environment and growing climatic conditions.In this study,the changes of aroma components during flowering process and the effect of climatic factors on the aroma composition of jasmine flowers in Fuzhou were investigated.The aroma concentration of jasmine appeared maximum at around 21:30 and maintained until 02:00 the next day.The concentration change of benzyl acetate,linalool,benzyl alcohol,hydrazine and methyl anthranilate during flowering process was similar to the total aroma concentration,while the content ofɑ-farnesene and methyl benzoate significantly decreased after 21:30.The lowest concentration of 3-hexen-1-ol,acetate,(Z)-at 21:30 was observed.The main fragrance ingredients of the rainy jasmine were consistent with the one from the sunny jasmine.The content of 3-hexen-1-ol,acetate,(Z)-in the rainy jasmine was about 10 times that of the sunny jasmine,indicating the strong aroma of grassy presents in the rainy jasmine.The aroma quality evaluation index of the rain jasmine(JTF=1.17)was lower than the date in sunny day(JTF=1.87).Both the highest and lowest JTF index of the jasmine from Changle and Fuqing were observed at July and October,respectively,indicating that the flower picked at July exhibited the best aroma quality.The results of clustering analysis showed that the aroma components of the jasmine flower from Changle picked at June,July,August and September possessed the highest similarity,while those of the jasmine in October exhibited obviously difference.Meanwhile,the aroma component of the jasmine flower from Fuqing picked at June,July and August displayed the higher similarity,and those of the jasmine flower picked at September and October were grouped together.