论明代卓异地方官的表彰

A Research on the Rewarding of Outstanding Officials in Ming Dynasty

明政府每三年对全国范围内的地方行政长官进行考察。考察结束后,偶尔会对治绩和品行格外突出的地方官予以表彰。荣获表彰者主要是省级行政长官,但也会有较小比例的府州县亲民官;建功立业、政绩出色、品行出众都是获评卓异官的必要条件。获评卓异的官员,会受到赐宴、赐币和陞擢等形式的激励。表彰卓异官不仅给地方亲民官树立了榜样,同时也为中央部门选拔出一些具有丰富基层工作经验的官员,对国家政治生活尤其是对官员梯队建设具有积极意义。

The Ming Dynasty imitated the officials’ assessment institution of Zhou Dynasty, assessing all local officials every three years, which called Pilgrimage Investigation. After the assessment about local officials, the emperors of Ming Dynasty would accidently reward some officials who had outstanding contribution. The officials who received rewards were mainly leaders of provinces and only few of them were country magistrates or mayors. These outstanding officials would enjoy dinner and bonus granted by the emperor, then had a promotion very soon. The action of rewarding outstanding officials not only established model for lots of local officials but also had positive influence on politic operation especially on building echelon of officials.