水稻种植在牛粪化肥配施条件下消纳氮磷的作用

Effects of nitrogen and phosphorus uptake by rice planting with dairy manure and fertilizer applied together in a pot experiment

为研究水稻作为湿地植物在防治面源污染方面的作用,本研究采用盆栽试验的方式,设置了4个施肥处理[100%化肥(100%F)、70%化肥+30%牛粪(70%F+30%M)、50%化肥+50%牛粪(50%F+50%M)、30%化肥+70%牛粪(30%F+70%M)],在每个施肥处理中又分别设定水稻种植和无水稻种植(UN)两种处理,以探讨种植水稻对整个体系中的碳(C)、氮(N)、磷(P)的消纳作用。结果表明,水稻种植能够降低盆面水的pH值、化学需氧量(COD)、总磷(TP)、总氮(TN)浓度,尤其是在70%F+30%M处理下,水稻对COD、TP、TN的减低效果最显著,与无水稻种植相比,其水稻种植条件下分别降低58.16%、65.50%和72.92%。100%F的水稻籽粒和茎叶的P含量最高;70%F+30%M各部分的N含量最高;50%F+50%M各部分的P含量最高;30%F+70%M籽粒的N含量最高,而茎叶的P含量最高。因此,在配施牛粪的情况下,水稻种植可以显著降低盆面水的pH值、COD、TP、TN,稳定土壤中的N含量,同时增加水稻植株中N、P的含量,其中以70%F+30%M处理下水稻的水处理能力及植株N含量最佳。

In order to study the role of rice as a wetland plant in preventing non-point source pollution,four fertilization treatments were set up in a potted experiment[which were 100%chemical fertilizer(100%F),70%chemical fertilizer+30%dairy manure(70%F+30%M),50%chemical fertilizer+50%dairy manure(50%F+50%M),30%chemical fertilizer+70%dairy manure(30%F+70%M)],and in each fertilization treatment,rice planting and non-rice planting(UN)were set respectively in this study were used to investigate the absorption of carbon(C),nitrogen(N),and phosphorus(P)from the whole system by rice planting.The results showed that rice cultivation could reduce the pH,chemical oxygen demand(COD),total phosphorus(TP),and total nitrogen(TN)concentrations of basin surface water,especially under the 70%F+30%M treatment.Rice had the most significant effects on reducing the COD,TP,and TN.Compared with non-rice,COD,TP,and TN were reduced by 58.16%,65.50%,and 72.92%,respectively,under rice planting conditions.P content of grain,stems and leaves of rice with 100%F was the highest.The N content of each part of the 70%F+30%M treatment plants was the highest.The P content of each part of the 50%F+50%M treatment plants was the highest.The seed grain N content of the 30%F+70%M treatment was the highest,whereas the P content of stems and leaves was the highest.Therefore,under the condition of the use of fresh dairy manure use with chemical fertilizer,rice plantings could significantly reduce the pH,COD,TP,TN of basin surface water,and stability of soil TN content,while at the same time increasing the N and P content in rice plants.The water treatment capacity and N content of rice were the best under the 70%F+30%M treatment.