“后雇员社会”工作的认知转向:解构与重构

On the Cognitive Turn of Post-employees’ Social Work:Deconstruction and Reconstruction

随着自由工作者的大量涌现,传统的雇员社会正逐渐消失,雇员制下的工作结构也随之被颠覆和瓦解,个体和组织对工作的理解不断更迭。本研究以工业时代为起点,通过解构工作空间、工作伦理、工作方式、工作关系的历史变迁与认知转向,重构了后雇员社会下工作的应有理解与定义:工作空间从过去的实体化向虚拟化转向,实体办公空间的“场所效力”由单一的雇主导向、工作需要导向,向员工需求和企业文化导向转移。工作意义被赋予了多元表达,从侧重外在价值到关注内在,从“利己”到“利他”。传统以固定岗位和科层管理为特征的人力资源管理制度正在让位于以任务分解、灵活雇用为导向的工作管理方案,员工更多地与企业形成了一种联盟关系,未来的企业人员管理将以“引领工作”和“激活工作者”为使命。

The recent decades witness the emergence of a large number of self-employed individuals, whilst the traditional employee-society is gradually shrinking. The work structure under the employee system has also been subverted and disintegrated. Individuals and organizations have constantly improved their understanding of the work. The understanding and definition of post-employees' social work, taking the industrial age as the starting point, should be reconstructed so as to assist relevant groups to reshape their work thinking by reconstructing the historical changes and cognitive shifts of the work space, work ethics, work style, and work relationship. The work space has shifted from materialization to the virtualization. The "place effectiveness" of the physical office space owned by a single employer shifts to the needs of employees and corporate culture. The meaning of work has been given a variety of expressions, from focusing on external values to paying more attention to the internal ones, from "self-interest" to "altruism." Accordingly, the traditional human resource management system, characterized by fixed positions and bureaucratic management, is giving way to task-distribution and flexible employment-oriented work management programs. Thus, employees form more alliances with their enterprises, and future human resource management in the corporate will be focused on promoting "leading the work" and "activating workers" as its mission.