基于政府职责视角的养老机构公建民营模式研究——以上海市为例

A Study on Public-funded-private-run Operational Model of Elderly Care Institutions from the Perspective of the Government Responsibility——A Case Study of Shanghai

公建民营模式已然成为养老机构改革和发展的重要方向,然而该模式的发展也伴随着失能老人入住难、设施设备档次高、服务收费价格贵等与养老基本公共服务宗旨不相符合的问题。养老机构公建民营模式出现这些问题的根由在于政府职责的“缺位”,以及政府履职的方式不当。为此,政府在职责定位上,应当由“缺位”到“补位”,着力建立健全一些基本制度。要坚持公建民营养老机构姓“公”这一根本原则,在服务对象、服务水平、收费标准、设施设备等方面突出养老基本公共服务的公益属性定位。在转变履职方式上,应当规范政府自由裁量权力,由以行政命令为主转变为以标准、制度为主来规范管理公建民营模式养老机构改革发展全过程。

Public-funded-private-run operational model has become an important direction for the reform and development of elderly care institutions.However,the development of public-funded-private-run operational model of elderly care is also accompanied by problems,which are inconsistent with the tenet of basic public services for the elderly,such as the difficulty of accommodation for the disabled elderly,the high level of facilities and equipment,and the high price of service charges.The causes of these problems lie in the "absence" of government responsibilities and the inappropriate way of government performance.The government should change from "absence" to "complement" in its responsibility orientation and strive to establish and improve some basic systems.Firstly,the fundamental principle of "public" in public-funded-private-run elderly care institutions should be stuck to and the public welfare property orientation of basic public services for the elderly should be highlighted in terms of service objects,service levels,charging standards,facilities and equipment.Secondly,in terms of changing the way of performing responsibility,the discretionary power of the government should be standardized and the whole process of reform and development of public-funded-private-run operational model of elderly care should be regulated more from relying mainly on administrative orders to relying mainly on standards and systems.