降水自记迹线及雨量数字化提取质检技术

The Check Technology for Precipitation Recording Paper Trace Tracking and Rainfall Data Extraction

分钟、小时降水数据是强降水天气过程、特征研究的基础资料。2016年9月—2017年11月开展的历史降水自记纸迹线及降雨量数据提取工作,将形成我国气象台站降水分钟数据集。资料涉及2049个国家地面气象站,时间跨度长达50多年,为了保证数据集的质量,降水迹线提取数据的正确性是关键。介绍了应用降水自记纸数据提取技术规定、质检程序、质检评估软件,完成降水迹线及提取数据准确质检的技术与流程。为了对自记降水记录降雨量与同时段人工定时观测降雨量进行对比,探讨了用降雨过程累计降雨量代替逐时降雨量的评估结果,异常降水迹线跨越定时观测时间的正确处理方法,历史观测员读取自记降水迹线降水量数据一些不当处理的正确处理方法。

The data of minute and hour precipitation are the basic data to research the feature of heavy precipitation weather process.During the period from September.2016 to November.2017,the history of precipitation recording paper trace and rainfall data extraction was identified,and the precipitation minute data sets of weather stations in China were formed.It involves more than 2040 weather stations in China mainland and the data history spans for more than 50 years.In order to ensure the quality of the data sets,the key to control the quality of the precipitation trace and data extraction is the checking work.This article introduces the technology and process how to use the regulations of the precipitation recording paper,the quality checking program,the evaluation software to extract the trace of precipitation and its information.For comparing the period precipitation recording data with the observations,we also discuss those evaluated results of using the accumulative rainfall in that rainfall process to instead of the extraction of the hourly rainfall data,the right methods to deal with abnormal precipitation trace across timing observation and the right methods to correct the improper treatments by the observers in history.