中美高校高水平运动员培养比较研究——基于典型案例调研

A Comparative Study on the Training of High-level Athletes in Chinese and American Universities——Take Xiamen University and Arizona State University as Examples

为了探寻中美高校高水平运动员培养的不同,运用文献资料法、访谈法、实地调查法及比较研究法,以美国亚利桑那州立大学与中国厦门大学为例进行实证对比研究。研究表明:在竞技水平培养上美国高校是“体工队”的提升竞技水平训练模式,中国高校在场馆、教练团队和竞赛体系上与之差距较大;学业培养上,美国NCAA参赛制度及奖学金契约制度将“学训矛盾”转化成“学训互促”实现全面型人才的培养,中国高校学业宽松,运动员学生的社会认可度低。研究启示:我国高校要走“体教融合”之路,应当促进大学生协会实体化,加强教练员队伍建设,重视对运动员的管理与培养,“严进严出”,切实培养出高素质的社会认同人才。

in order to explore the real differences between high-level athletes in Chinese and American universities,the authors use the literature data method,interview method,field investigation method and comparative research method to conduct an empirical comparative study between Arizona State University and Xiamen University in China.The study draws that the training model of American colleges and universities is the “sports team” training mode to improve the level of competition in the training of competitive level.There is a big gap between Chinese universities in the venues,coaching teams and competition systems.The NCAA competition system and scholarship contract system will be the “contradictory relationship between learning and training” has been transformed into “study and mutual promotion” to achieve the cultivation of comprehensive talents.The academics in Chinese universities are loose,and the social recognition of athletes and students is low.Research enlightenment:Chinese universities should take the road of “integration of sports and education”,should promote the substantiveization of college students associations,strengthen the construction of coaches,attach importance to the management and training of athletes,“strictly in and strictly out”,and effectively cultivate high-quality social talent.