鸟市贸易威胁野生鸟类生存——以哈尔滨道外花鸟鱼市场为例

Bird Market Trade Threatens Wild Birds

为探讨鸟市贸易对野生鸟类的威胁与影响,给当地野生动物保护部门实施监管提供科学依据,于2016年11月—2017年11月对黑龙江省哈尔滨市最大鸟市——道外花鸟鱼市场进行调查。结果发现:(1)共记录6目34科83属117种18 729只鸟类,其中野生鸟类5目32科77属108种11 662只。有出售国家保护鸟种黄胸鹀 Emberiza aureola、猛禽及非法捕猎工具的现象。(2)所有被贩卖的野生鸟类中,在黑龙江省有分布的共69种,数量达9 707只。相关分析结果表明,黑龙江省有分布的野生鸟类是鸟市非法捕捉及贩卖的主要对象。(3)贩卖量为春、秋季多,夏、冬季少,7—10月鸟类迁徙季节时最多,占总贩卖量的45.2%,说明鸟类秋季迁徙是非法猎捕的高峰期。(4)调查中发现较多的南方鸟种(32.4%)也一定程度上说明野生鸟类非法运输的严重性。建议当地林业和草原局及时加强对道外花鸟鱼市场的监管,在鸟类迁徙季节从非法捕捉和运输环节实施严厉打击。

In order to explore the impact and threat of bird market trade on wild species and to provide scientific advice for the local administration of wildlife conservation,from November 2016 to November 2017,18 surveys were conducted in the Daowai Flower,Bird and Fish Market,which is the largest bird market in Harbin city,Heilongjiang province.The results showed that:(1)there were 117 bird species(belonging to 83 genera,34 families and 6 orders)including 108 wild bird species(belonging to 77 genera,32 families and 5 orders),and among of which,11 662 wild bird individuals accounting for 62.3%of the total were recorded.We also found that the nationally protected birds(such as Emberiza aureola),raptors and illegal hunting tools were sold in this market.(2)Among the sold wild birds,69 species accounting for 63.9%of the total wild species were distributed in Heilongjiang province,and the total sales reached 9 707 birds,accounting for 83.2%of the total sales of wild birds.(3)According to the general trend of bird trafficking in a whole year,there were more birds being sold in spring and autumn.Most of the wild birds were sold during the migratory season,from July to October,accounting for 45.2%of the total annual sales.The result of correlation analysis further revealed that wild birds distributed in Heilongjiang province were the main species illegally trapped and traded at the local bird market.(4)Many traded bird species accounting for 32.4%of all wild species came from southern China,indicating the severity of illegal wild bird transportation in a certain extent.It is suggested that the relevant departments of wildlife protection should strengthen the supervision of wildlife during the migratory season in hot-spot habitats and highways to fight against both illegal trapping and transporting of wild birds.