宗教时间与哲学时间:从柏拉图宇宙生命论到舍勒现象学神学

Religious Time And Philosophical Time:From Plato’s Living Universe Theory to Scheler’s Phenomenological Theology

柏拉图的两种永恒之分提示着两个基本时间视域:一是原本的永恒作为时间总体所显现的神学时间视域,一是时间总体性的绵延作为时间现在成像的哲学时间视域。亚里士多德从柏拉图引出纯粹哲学的物理时间。奥古斯丁则力图以心灵时间取代物理时间,来复归柏拉图的神学视野。舍勒的现象学神学从生命出发,在奥古斯丁基础上提出"位"的"永生",通过"位格"这一人神共有之物,弥合了世俗哲学与信仰神学。

Plato's discrimination between two types of eternity reminds two basic time horizon:one is a theological time horizon is revealed when the original eternity is regarded as a time entirety,and the other one is a philosophical time horizon which is formed by taking the time's overall stretching as time's present.From Plato's continuous eternity,Aristotle raised a physical time horizon based on pure philosophy.However Augustine tried to set a psychological time to replace the physical time in order to returned to Plato's theological view.Since Plato,both theology and philosophy,while discussing a matter of time,focus on a problem:what kind of relationship is between time and the movement of the physical world.Using eternal life and everlasting punishment,Augustine echoes two Plato's eternal conception.However Augustine's answer is considered to be lack of secularization.In his Phenomenological Theology,Scheler puts forward a"etenal life"of"person",which starts from the creature's life,based on Augustine's theory.On the basis of"person"which is kept by people and God together,he integrates the secular philosophy and religious theology.