集体协商谈判模式的国际比较

International Comparison of Collective Consultation and Collective Bargaining Mode

集体协商谈判是世界各国普遍采用的进行劳资谈判、协调劳资关系、缓解劳资冲突的主要手段和重要机制,其谈判内容包括工作时间、劳动报酬标准、工作场所条件、劳动安全保护、休息与休假制度等关系职工切身利益的各个方面。各国政治、经济、文化和法律等情况的差异,使得各国所采用的集体协商谈判的模式也有所不同,其中典型的有市场调节下的自由主义谈判模式(美国、英国)、劳资共决制模式(德国)、企业层面谈判模式(日本)、政府推动的谈判模式(加拿大、瑞典、澳大利亚、法国、泰国)、基于产权或所有制形式的集体协商谈判模式(中国)。通过与其他国家集体协商谈判模式的比较,借鉴他国有益经验,有利于改善中国集体协商谈判制度设计,创新集体协商谈判模式,以在实践中取得更好的成效,维护劳资双方的合法权益,实现和谐共赢。

Collective consultation and collective bargaining is the main means and important mechanism widely used by countries around the world to negotiate labor, mediate labor relations, and ease labor conflicts. The content of collective consultation and collective bargaining includes working hours, labor compensation standards, workplace conditions, labor safety protection, rest and vacation systems, and other aspects of the immediate interests of the employees. As the politics, economy, culture and law vary, the collective consultation and collective bargaining that adopted by different countries also have different patterns. The typical modes of collective consultation and collective bargaining include: liberal bargaining model under market regulation (US, UK), labor-management model (Germany), enterprise-level negotiation model (Japan), government-driven negotiation model (Canada, Sweden, Australia, France, Thailand), a collective negotiation model based on property rights or ownership (China). The comparison of collective consultation and bargaining modes as well as the adoption of useful experience of different countries will facilitate the design of the system of collective consultation and collective bargaining in China and innovate the collective consultation and collective bargaining model in order to achieve better results in practice, safeguard the legitimate rights and interests of both employers and employees, and achieve a harmonious and win-win situation.