“人类向各民族所要的是‘人’”——《热风》与鲁迅“五四”时期的“文明批评”和“社会批评”

What Human Beings Want from Each Nation Is the Gentlemen——“Hot Wind” and Lu Xun’s “Civilization Criticism” and “Social Criticism” during the May Fourth Movement Period

鲁迅在“五四”时期撰写的“随感录”,大都收集在《热风》杂文集中,表面上看起来都只是针对“五四”时期社会上所出现种种现象的有感而发,但实际上完整地贯穿了他开展“文明批评”和“社会批评”的创作观念,表达了他对以“自由”为核心理念的现代文明价值体系的完整认识和理解,展现出他对现代中国如何从传统文明转向现代文明所作的缜密思考。特别是他善于透过现象看本质,发现蕴含在一些社会表象之中的问题根源所在,找到中国人长期被奴役,尤其是精神奴役的“非人”现象的病态症结所在,并在展开“文明批评”和“社会批评”中进行现代文明的思想启蒙和文化启蒙。

Most of Lu Xun’s causeries during the May Fourth Movement period were collected in “Hot Wind”. These writings were superficially commenting on the happenings during the May Fourth Movement period, but in fact it practiced his creation ideas about “civilization criticism” and “social criticism”. Lu Xun expressed his understanding of the value system of modern civilization with “freedom” as the core concept. His writings reflect his careful thinking about how China would transit from the traditional civilization to the modern civilization. Lu Xun was good at capturing the essence through the phenomenon, revealing the source of problems under the social phenomena, and finding out the pathological crux of the “inhuman” phenomena that Chinese people have been enslaved for a long time. He contributed to the modern ideological and cultural enlightenment in the process of “civilization criticism” and “social criticism”.