神话叙事与一神信仰同构的希伯来神话文本

Hebrew Mythological Works with Homogeneous Texture of Mythological Narration and Monotheism

希伯来神话作为希伯来文学的一个重要文类,一直被学界高度重视和讨论,从不同的观念出发,肯定和否定这一文类存在的观点并存于相关研究中。本文梳理和讨论了两种不同认识的依据,并基于希伯来神话的特殊性,对神话文类的基本特征、文化建构功能和研究方法上的跨学科性予以论述,对希伯来神话各个故事的构成要素和提出的问题予以分析。在此基础上,论文通过对苏美尔、古巴比伦和希伯来三种一脉相承的“洪水神话”的比较研究,阐明了希伯来神话作为神话叙事与一神信仰同构的文本,表达了古代以色列民族基于其神学观念的道德诉求和服务其社会秩序合理性的现实需要。

As an important genre among Hebrew literature, Hebrew mythology has been conferred constant and emphatic discussions. Based upon varying perceptions, arguments proving and disproving the very existence of this genre have co-existed amidst the relevant research. This paper elucidates the foundations of the above-mentioned opposing approaches. From the perspective of the peculiarity of Hebrew mythology, this paper illustrates the basic features of mythology, the cultural constructive functions and cross-disciplinary approaches of mythology, by means of analyzing the narrative essentials of Hebrew mythology. In the end, by comparing the three versions of Flood Myth, respectively, the Sumerian, the Babylonian and the Hebrew stories, the paper sheds light on the homogeneity between mythology and religion concerning Hebrew myth texts, showing the emphatic intention and promotion of moral themes among Hebrew mythology.