绿色发展背景下农户施肥及其决策行为研究进展

Advances in research on fertilization and decision-making behavior of farmers in the context of green development

生态振兴是“五大振兴”之一,是乡村振兴的内在要求。为了实现生态振兴,应促进农业绿色发展,在化肥施用过量的背景下采用符合绿色发展理念的施肥行为是农业绿色发展的重要举措。为此本文对相关文献进行梳理,以期为科学施肥实施及相关研究提供参考。首先总结了绿色施肥行为的内涵,即选择符合绿色发展理念的肥料,选择绿色生产技术,提高肥料利用效率和减少过量施肥带来的环境污染行为。然后系统地整理了包括计划行为理论和农户行为理论在内的绿色施肥的决策机制,并从地块特征、外部政策环境、个体和家庭特征及农户感知4个方面归纳总结了国内外有关农户绿色施肥行为决策影响因素的研究成果。并提出了研究内容及研究主体有待于进一步拓展和延伸的结论,未来关于绿色施肥的研究主要有以下两大趋势:1)研究内容将随着绿色施肥科技的进步不断拓展;2)研究的主体会聚焦于新型农业经营主体的绿色施肥行为。

Ecological vitalization is one of the “Five Vitalizations” and so is an inherent requirement of rural vitalization. To promote ecological vitalization, the green development of agriculture should be increased, and green and environmentally friendly fertilization should be adopted under circumstances of excessive use of chemical fertilizer. To achieve green fertilization, in this study, we reviewed the relevant literatures. Firstly, this paper summarized the connotations of green fertilization behavior, including the choice of fertilizer in agreement with the concept of green development, the choice of green production technology, the improvement of fertilizer utilization efficiency, and the reduction of environmental pollution caused by excessive fertilization. Most research on green fertilization had been based on planning behavior theory and a household’s behavior theory;therefore, in this study, we systematically determined the decision-making mechanism of green fertilization behavior. Farmers were rational and they made choices based on their own information and identification of the external environment. Next, the paper summarized the influencing factors on green fertilization behaviors from four aspects:plot characteristics, external policy environment, individual and family characteristics, and farmers’ perception. Finally, through a literature review, it was found that the research content of green fertilization needed to be expanded, and the main subject of research needed to be extended. There are two main trends in the future research on green fertilization: 1) the content of the research should continue to expand with the progress of green fertilization technology;2) the main subject of the research should focus on the green fertilization behavior of new agricultural operators.