贵州麻江县蓝莓主栽区果实重金属含量及安全性评价

Evaluation of Heavy Metals Content and Safety of Blueberry Fruit in Main Planting Area of Majiang County,Guizhou Province

为了研究麻江县蓝莓主要栽培区蓝莓果实中铬(Cr)铜(Cu)锌(Zn)砷(As)铅(Pb)镉(Cd)6种重金属元素的分布特征、污染程度及其潜在风险。采用ICP-MS分别测定了麻江县6个主要栽培区18件蓝莓果实样品中的6种重金属元素含量,并采用单因子污染指数法和内梅罗污染指数法对蓝莓果实重金属元素富集程度和安全性进行了评价。结果表明:麻江县6个蓝莓主栽区蓝莓果实中Cr、Cu、Zn、As、Pb和Cd的平均值分别为0.2228、0.2644、0.6067、0.4100、0.0417和0.0011mg/kg。6个蓝莓主栽区蓝莓果实中6种重金属含量均未超过《食品安全国家标准水果中食品污染限量》(GB2762-2017)标准;单因子污染指数数值分析表明,6个蓝莓主栽区蓝莓果实中As的污染最为严重,Cd的污染最小,6种重金属单因子污染指数大小依次为As>Cr>Pb>Zn>Cu>Cd;综合污染指数法评价结果表明,6个主栽区的蓝莓果实重金属污染程度均为安全等级;As的单因子污染指数最高,需引起重视,相关的种植基地应加强对土壤中砷含量的控制,以免As含量继续上升影响蓝莓的质量。

In order to study the distribution characteristics,pollution degree and potential risk of six heavy metal elements in blueberry fruit of Majiang County,(Cr) Cu,(Cu),Zn,as,(As),Pb,(Pb),CD,(Cd),Cr,Cu,Zn,as,(As),Pb,CD,etc.The contents of 6 heavy metal elements in 18 blueberry fruit samples from 6 main cultivation areas of Majiang County were determined by ICP-MS.The enrichment degree and safety of heavy metal elements in blueberry fruit were evaluated by single factor pollution index method and Neimero pollution index method.The results showed that the Cr,Cu,Zn,As,Pb and the content of Cr,Cu,Zn,As,Pb in the fruit of six main planting areas of blueberry in Majiang county were as follows.The average Cd is 0.2228,0.2644,0.6067,0.4100 mg/kg.The contents of six kinds of heavy metals in the fruit of 0.0417 mg/kg and 0.0011 mg/kg.6 in the main planting area of blueberry did not exceed the standard of "Food pollution limit in Fruit >(GB2762-2017) Standard of National Standard for Food Safety;" The numerical analysis of single factor pollution index showed that the As pollution was the most serious and the Cd pollution was the least in six main regions of blueberry.The order of single factor pollution index of six heavy metals was As>Cr>Pb>Zn>Cu>Cd;comprehensive pollution index evaluation results showed that the heavy metal pollution degree of blueberry fruit in six main planting areas was safe.The single factor pollution index of As is the highest,which needs to be paid attention to.The related planting bases should strengthen the control of arsenic content in soil so as not to further increase the As content to affect the quality of blueberries.