芳纶/超高分子量聚乙烯织物增强聚氨酯夹芯复合材料制备及其力学性能

Preparation and mechanical properties of aramid/ultra-high molecular weight polyethylene fabric reinforced polyurethane sandwich composite

为开发出一种柔性防护材料,采用超高分子量聚乙烯纤维(UHMWPE)与芳纶制备的平纹织物作为增强面板,软式聚氨酯(PU)作为芯材,利用纺织技术与一体发泡技术相结合制备了具有良好缓冲性能的夹芯结构柔性复合材料。同时,选用面密度相同的锦纶非织造布及玄武岩平纹布作为增强面板对比材料,对 3 类夹芯复合材料进行静态与动态力学性能测试。结果表明:芳纶/UHMWPE织物增强夹芯复合材料的力学性能优良,经向拉伸断裂强力为1 930 N,断裂伸长率为 5. 8%;纬向拉伸断裂强力为1 744 N,断裂伸长率为 6. 5%;在 7. 5 mm 处进入压实阶段,压缩形变为93%;冲击破坏强力为1 260N,吸收的总能量为13.4J,能量密度为4.95J/g;芳纶/UHMWPE织物增强夹芯复合材料在保证质轻的基础上,具有良好的能量吸收效果。

By applying ultra-high molecular weight polyethylene fiber (UHMWPE) and aramid as reinforced fabric panels and flexible polyurethane (PU) as core, a sandwich flexible composite with good cushioning property was developed by textile technique and one-step foaming process. PU composites reinforced by nylon nonwoven and basalt plain weave fabric were prepared as control group, and static and dynamic mechanical testing were conducted on all three composites. The results show aramid/ UHMWPE plain weave reinforced sandwich composite has excellent mechanical property. The tensile strengths and elongation at breaks of aramid/ UHMWPE plain weave reinforced sandwich composite in longitudinal and horizontal direction are 1 930 N, 1 744 N, 5. 8% and 6. 5%, respectively. The sandwich composite is compact when the compressive displacement reaches to 7. 5 mm, and the compressive deformation is 93%. Impact strength of aramid/UHMWPE plain weave reinforced sandwich composite is 1 260 N with absorbed energy of 13. 4 J and energy density of 4. 95 J/g, proving good energy absorption capability on the basis of lightweight.