国际体育组织对国家体育组织作出中止成员资格处罚的合法性探讨

Discussion on the Legitimacy of International Sports Organizations Suspending National Sports Organizations

国际体育组织与国家体育组织之间是平等的民事主体关系,国际体育组织对国家体育组织的处罚权源自国家体育组织对权利的让渡,虽然国际体育组织对国家体育组织作出的中止成员资格的处罚会波及到运动员,易使他们受到不利影响。但是该处罚属于一项民事救济措施,依据的是国际体育组织与国家体育组织签订的“事实契约”,即国际体育组织的章程,它符合相关法律的规定,具备合法性。另一方面,运动员并非只能忍受处罚带来的不利影响,还可以同时寻求私力救济和公力救济,虽然目前这两方面的救济有所不足,但已是现今平衡、保护干净运动员的参赛权和维护公平公正的体育竞技环境的最佳方式。

International sports organizations and national sports organizations are equal civil subjects.The penalty rights of international sports organizations are derived from the transfer of rights by national sports organizations.Although the penalty of suspension imposed by international sports organizations on national sports organizations may affect athletes unfavorably,the penalty,as a civil remedy based on the"factual contract",i.e.the constitution of international sports organizations,signed by international sports organizations and national sports organizations,conforms to the provisions of relevant laws and has legitimacy.On the other hand,athletes do not have to endure the adverse effects of the penalty.They can seek both private and public relief.Although the relief in these two aspects is insufficient currently,it is the best way to balance and protect the participation rights of clean athletes as well as to maintain a fair and equitable sports environments.