人类共同继承财产原则在国际海底区域实践研究

Practical Application of Doctrine of Common Heritage of Mankind to International Seabed Areas

在资源日益短缺的背景下,凭借相关技术发展,国际海底区域等国家管辖之外的公共领域资源开发和利用已成为现实。为确定国际海底区域及其资源权利归属,规范国家开发行为,国际法上提出了人类共同继承财产原则。本研究针对人类共同继承财产原则,对其提出、发展及概念进行阐释,并剖析其所包含的国际共同管理、和平开发利用、公平平等开发和注重保护环境等具体内容。分析发现,中国在国际海底区域的实践具有注重保护环境,关注人类共同继承财产的可持续发展;实行国际管理,促进人类共同继承财产实现国际化;为全人类谋利,强调人类共同继承财产和平利用等特点。中国出台相关法律法规,秉持人类命运共同体理念,在国内外呼吁各国相互尊重平等协商,公平开发利用人类共同继承财产;秉持环境友好原则,合理开发利用人类共同继承财产;坚持以对话解决争端,和平开发利用人类共同财产等,均是对人类共同继承财产原则的创新发展,不仅规范了中国在国际海底区域的实践活动,还为人类共同继承财产这一国际原则增添新的活力与生机。

In the context of the growing shortage of resources,with the progress of space and seabed development technologies,the resources development and utilization in the public sphere outside the national jurisdiction of international seabed areas has become a reality.In order to determine the ownership of the international seabed areas and the resources in such areas and regulate the development behavior of the state,the doctrine of common heritage of mankind is put forward in international law.The presentation,development and concept of the doctrine of common heritance of mankind are expounded and specific contents such as international joint management,peaceful development and utilization,fair and equal development and environmental protection are analyzed.Result shows that China's practical application of the doctrine of common heritage of mankind to the resources development and utilization in the international seabed areas is mainly characterized by stressing environmental protection and the sustainable development of common heritage of mankind,implementing international management to promote the internationalization of common heritage of mankind and seeking the welfare for all mankind by emphasizing the peaceful utilization of common heritage of mankind.Adhering to the concept of human destiny community,China has introduced relevant laws and regulations,and calls on all countries to show respect each other,consult on an equal footing and develop and utilize common heritage of mankind in an equal way;adhering to the concept of friendly environment,China stresses reasonable development and utilization of common heritage of mankind;and China adheres to resolving disputes through dialogue and developing and utilizing common heritage of mankind in a peaceful way.All these views and practices are innovations and developments to the doctrine of common heritage of mankind,which not only regulate China's practice in international seabed areas,but also increase new vitality to the international doctrine of common heritage of mankind.